Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Molecules of life |
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
|
Carb examples |
Glucose, starch, glycogen, cellulose |
|
Protein examples |
Hemoglobin, chlorophyll |
|
Lipid examples |
Triglyceride, phospholipid, steroids |
|
Nucleic acid examples |
DNA, RNA |
|
Polymer = |
Large molecule made up of smaller molecules |
|
Polymers of sugars = |
Polysaccharides |
|
Plant energy is stored in |
Starch |
|
Vertebrates store energy in |
Glycogen |
|
4 categories of lipids |
Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes |
|
Lipids are hydro________ because they consist mostly of __________ |
Phobic, hydrocarbons |
|
Fats are made of... |
A glycerol and fatty acid chains |
|
Saturated fats are |
Solids, animal fats, can stack |
|
Unsaturated fats are |
Liquid, mostly plant and fish fats, can't stack |
|
Fatty acid chains are hydro__________ |
Phobic |
|
Main function of fats is |
Energy storage |
|
Cells/tissue that mammals store fat in |
Adipose |
|
Phospholipds have how many fatty acids attached? |
2 |
|
Instead of a third fatty acid, phospholipids have a... |
Phosphate group |
|
Phospholipids are primary component of... |
Cell membranes |
|
Steroids are characterized by... |
Carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings |
|
How are different steroids created? |
Attaching different groups to the carbon rings |
|
Waxes are lipids with fatty acid chains joined to.... |
Alcohols |
|
Proteins are made from |
Amino acids |
|
There are (#) standard amino acids |
20 |
|
Chains of amino acids bonded together are... |
Polypeptides |
|
Polypeptides form proteins by |
Folding/coiling |
|
Purpose of nucleic acids is to |
Store and transmit hereditary information |
|
Nucleic acids are made out of |
Nucleotides |
|
Difference between DNA and RNA is... |
The sugar. RNA = ribose, DNA = deoxyribose |
|
Segments of DNA are called |
Genes
|
|
Genes are code for |
The amino acid sequence of polypeptides |
|
Five nucleotides are |
Adenine, thymine / uracil, guanine, cytosine |
|
ALL cells have (these 3 things) |
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes w/ DNA |
|
Prokaryotes are ________ and __________ |
Bacteria, Archaea |
|
Eukaryotes are... |
Everything else |
|
Special to animal cells are.... (3 things) |
Lysosomes, centrioles, flagellum |
|
Special to plant cells are... (4 things) |
Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata |
|
Chromatin |
Threadlike DNA and proteins |
|
Nucleolus |
Where parts of ribosomes are made |
|
Nuclear pores |
Allow material to enter/leave nucleous |
|
Ribosomes |
Where genetic instructions are decoded and proteins are made (site of protein synthesis) |
|
Endomembrane system (3 parts) |
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes |
|
Rough ER (RER) |
Studded with ribosomes, site of most protein synthesis. Proteins are released to vesicles to be carried to Golgi. |
|
Smooth ER (SER) |
No ribosomes, site of lipid synthesis |
|
Golgi Apparatus |
The post office! Packages/labels/ships off proteins to within or out of the cell. |
|
Lysosomes |
Membranous sac of enzymes-- digests everything |
|
Mitochondria |
Sites of cell respiration; generate energy in form of ATP (requires oxygen) |
|
Energy is released from ATP when... |
The terminal phosphate bond is broken (ATP -> ADP) |
|
Chloroplast |
Sites of photosynthesis-- converting solar energy to chemical energy in form of sugars |
|
Cytoskeleton |
Network of fibers that extend throughout cytoplasm and organize structures/activities in cell |
|
3 roles of cytoskeleton |
1. Mechanical support/cell shape 2. Anchorage for organelles 3. Cell movement |
|
3 components of cytoskeleton |
1. Microtubules 2. Microfilaments 3. Intermediate filaments |
|
Cells propel through fluid and move fluid over surfaces with... |
Flagella and cilia |
|
Flagella movement |
Snakelike motion, drives cell in same direction as axis of flagellum |
|
Cilia movement |
Back and forth motion, moves cell in direction perpendicular to axis of cilium |