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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atom |
smallest unit of matter that still contains properties of an element Contains: Nucleus-Protons & Neutrons, and Electron Cloud- Electrons
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Mass |
amount of matter and energy in a given object |
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Matter |
anything that has mass and takes up space is composed of elements |
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Element |
is a substance entirely made up of one type of atom |
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What is a subatomic particle? |
Building Blocks of an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons |
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An atom is composed of --------,--------,&---------. |
Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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The nucleus contains the ------,&------. |
Protons and Neurons |
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The ------ are found in the electron cloud |
Electrons |
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Protons: Charge: Mass (weight): Location: |
Protons: Charge: Positive (+) Mass (weight): 1 AMU Location: Nucleus |
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Neutrons: Charge:
Mass (weight): Location: |
Neutrons: Charge: NONE
Mass (weight): 1 AMU Location: Nuecleus |
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Electrons: Charge:
Mass (weight): Location: |
Electrons: Charge: Negative(-) Mass (weight):0 Location: Electron Cloud
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How does an atom gain a charge? |
When it loses or gains an electron |
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What are two types of charges? |
postive(+) & negative(-) |
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What is an ion? |
an atom with a charge |
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What are the two types of ions? |
cation & anion |
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Cation |
positively charged atom |
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Anion |
negatively charged atom |
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What is an isotope? |
an atom with a different number of neutrons and protons |
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What is atomic mass? |
the mass of an atom of a chemical element in AMU |
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Define the tem molecule. |
two or more atoms joined together |
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Give an example of a molecule |
H20 Polarization S- O ---- ---- H H S+ S+ |
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What is electronegativity? |
-the name for the force that causes polarity -an atoms affinity for an electron -the more electronegative an atom is, the more affinity it has on an electron |
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What element is the most electronegative? |
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What is a chemical bond? |
-the connections between the atoms in a compound - the lasting attraction between atoms that enable the formation of a chemical compounds |
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Name three types of chemical bonds? |
Polar Covalent, Non polar Covalent, & Ionic |
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What happens when an ionic bond forms? |
-(bond between two atoms) -an electron is striped away from one atom and gained by the other -resulting in two oppositely charged atoms *the atom with the highest electronegativity takes the electron* |
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What is the difference between a polar and non polar covalent bond? |
Polar-two atoms unequally share their valence electrons & Non Polar-two atoms equally share their valence electrons |
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What is a Hydrogen bond? |
a weak attraction between hydrogen and another oppositely charged atom |
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Example of a hydrogen bond? |
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Cohesion VS Adhesion |
Cohesion-water sticks to water VS Adhesion-water sticks to something else |
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Define and give example: Acid |
-any species that donates H ions in solution -A chemical that releases (H^+1) ions |
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Define and give example:
Base |
-any species that donates -OH in solution -A chemical that accepts (H^+1) ions |
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Define and give example:
pH |
Power of Hydrogen Scale on which acids and bases are measured |
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Define and give example: Buffer |
-a species that maintains pH -a chemical that accepts/releases (H^+1) as necessary to keep pH constant |
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Covalent Bond |
forms when two atoms share 2 or more valence electrons strength depends on the number of electron pairs shared by the atoms |
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What is a molecule? |
-representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction -a group of two or more atoms bonded together -can bond together to form larger molecules |
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Carbon can bond to ---- other atoms. |
Four |
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A Hydrocarbon is composed of ---- and ---- atoms. |
Hydrogen, Carbon |
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Hydrocarbons are ---- molecules. |
Organic |
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A monomer is composed of ---- and are ---- ---- for polymers. |
molecules, building blocks |
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Polymers are composed of ----. |
Monomers |
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Poly means----. |
many |
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Mono means ----. |
one |
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Mer means ----. |
unit. |
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------ ------ are found on monomers and are involved in chemical bonding of one monomer to another. |
Functional Groups |
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Name the four Functional Groups. |
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino |
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Draw the following Functional Group: Hydroxyl |
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Draw the following Functional Group:
Carbonyl |
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Draw the following Functional Group:
Carboxyl |
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Draw the following Functional Group:
Amino |
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What is the formula for the three monosaccharides? |
C6 H12 O6 |
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Name the three monosaccharides (and where the stem from). |
Glucose (Plant Sugar), Fructose (Fruit Sugar), Galactose (one or the other). |
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What is the bond between two monosaccharides called and what does it form? |
Glycosidic Linkage, Disaccharides |
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Glucose bonded to Glucose |
Maltose |
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Glucose bonded to Fructose |
Sucrose (table sugar) |
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Glucose bonded to Galactose |
Lactose (milk sugar) |
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Name three Polysaccharides. |
Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose |
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---- is the storage form of ---- in animals; stored in the muscle and liver tissue. |
Glycogen, Glucose |
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---- is the storage form of ---- in Plants. |
Starch, Glucose |
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---- is the main component of the fibril in the ridged plant cell wall. |
Cellulose |
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A ---- ---- is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).
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Peptide Bond |
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A ---- ---- is a type of reaction used to bond monomers together and results in a chemical bond and a water molecule. This reaction is the opposite of Hydrolysis. |
Dehydration Synthesis (Reaction) |
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------ is used to break a polymer in to two separate pieces and is the opposite of a dehydration reaction. |
Hydrolysis |
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What are the four main biological marco molecules? |
1)Cabohydrates 2)Lipids 3)Proteins 4)Nucleic Acid |
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Sacchar means ---- and mono means ----, so a monosaccharide is a ---- ----. |
sugar, single, single sugar |
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What types of atoms are found in a carbohydrates molecule? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen |
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Why are CHO important? |
Brain can only use glucose to produce energy. Primary Source of Energy for Energy Production. |
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Are CHO essential? What does the term essential mean? |
NO, but still important. Vital to life. |