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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Enzymes
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Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up an event, they are a chemical reaction
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When a substrate acts on a enzyme what happens?
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They bind together creating an enzyme substrate complex
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What is the lock and key Mechanism
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When an enzyme and a substrate are bound together
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Why are enzymes important to the Metabolism
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because they are a catalyst and speed up chemical reactions in the body without them the Metabolism would be too slow to support life
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what are enzymes made up of
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They are made up of proteins
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What happens with the poly peptide chain in enzymes
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it is folderd into a 3 dimensional globular shape
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Why is Homeostasis important to enzyme function
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Because Enzymes only funciton within a certain range of conditions, therefore Homeostasis must be kept for maximum function
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What are the two stages of Homeostasis?
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Detection and response
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Detection...
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An organism detects change from a stable state
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Responds...
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An organism respnods to change and counteracts change to bring body back to stable state
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What is a stimulus
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Any change or information that provokes a response
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What are reseptors
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Detect stimuli
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List some Examples of External Stimuli
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light, day length, sound, temperture
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List some Examples of Internal Stimuli
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Level of CO2, oxygen levels, water levels
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What are effectors
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bring about response to stimuli
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What is the temperture control center in mammals??
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The hypathalimus
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What are the two systems in the nervous system
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Central nervous system...Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System...Branching system that run through out the body |
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What is Ambient temperture
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Temperture of the enviroment
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What are ectotherms
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Animals that rely on the Ambient temperture to control their internal enviroments
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Endotherm
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Responses to changing temperature
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Turgor Response
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wilting
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Leaf orientation
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Change oriantation of leaves, to reduce exposure to the sun.
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Leaf Fall
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reduce exposure to sun, reduce risk of loosing water through exposure
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Reseeding
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resprouting in response to eatream high temp
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Thermogenic Plants
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Flowers able to heat up during cold month
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What is carried in Plasma?
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Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, water, salt, lipids, nitrogenous wastes, hormones, vitamins, anitibodies
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Carbon Dioxide
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is carried in the blood and bings to hemoglobin making carbaminohaemoglobin and also changes into hydrogen carbonate ions
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Oxygen in blood
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Oxyhemoglobin
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The Adaptive Advantage of Heamoglobin
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It can carry more oxygen through the blood
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Arteries
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Carry, blood away from heart.
Arteries have thick walls and they are elasticy. Carry Oxygenated blood |
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Capillaries
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Conect, arteries and veins.
one cell things, |
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Veins
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Low Oxygenated blood,
Thinner walls, serries of valves which provent blood from flowing backwards. |
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Pulamanary circut
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Blood enters right atrium via vina cava, The is deoxgenated...as the heart pumps the right ventrical pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where the blood gains oxygen and losses carbon dioxide
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Xylem
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transport water and inorganic ions Up the plants, water moves in by osmosis
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Transpiration
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Evaporation of water from the leafe cells throught the stomates initiating the pull of the transpirtaion stream. Water is the drawn up the xylem tupes to replace water loss.
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Cohesion
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Water molecules bing together forming a continuous coloum in the xylem, which replaces any loss
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Adhesion
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Water molecules stick to the sides of the xylem tubes, pulling the water up the tubes., caused by Cohsion and Adhesion
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Phloem
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Transports materials both up and down the plant, it is an active process that requires energy. A pump activly moves sugars into the sieve tues.
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Symplatic Loading
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one of the 2 ways nutrience is moved into phloem tubes....Sugars and nutrience move into the cytoplasm from the mesophyll cells to the sieve elemements, through plasmodesmata joining adjacent cells
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Apoplastic loading
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sugars and nutrience move along the cell walls to the sieve tube. then they cross the cell membrane by active transport.
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