Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
longitudinal section |
lengthwise cut of a specimen |
|
cross section |
crosswise cut through a specimen |
|
stereomiscroscope |
objects 3D at low power |
|
compound light micro |
small or thin sliced objects at higher mag than stereo |
|
compound |
refers to 2 sets of lenses -ocular lens near eyes -ocular lens near object |
|
transmission electron microscope |
ultra thin sliced and treated with heavy metal salts for more contrast |
|
scanning electron microscope |
image of surface and dimension of object |
|
resolution |
minimum distance between 2 objects at which they can still be seen or resolved as 2 separate objects |
|
monocular |
only one eye is used to view the object |
|
binocular |
2 eyes used to view object |
|
viewing head |
holds up ocular lens |
|
arm |
supports upper parts and provides carrying handle |
|
nosepiece |
revolving device that holds objectives |
|
scanning objective
|
shortest of the objective lenses and is used to scan the whole slide . x4 |
|
low power obj |
lens is longer than the scanning obj lens and is used to view objects in greater detail. x10 |
|
high power obj |
longest with 3 objective lenses to view greater detail x40 |
|
oil immersion obj |
on microscope with 4 lenses holds 95x( to 100x) lens is used in conjunction with immersion oil to view with greatest mag x100 |
|
stage |
holds and supports micro slides |
|
stage clips |
holds a slide in place on the stage |
|
mechanical stage control knobs |
2 knobs that control fwd/back movement and R/L movement respectively |
|
coarse adj knob |
knob used to bring object into final focus |
|
condenser |
gather light from lamp and directs it to object being viewed |
|
diaphragm |
controls amount of light passing through the condensor |
|
light source |
an attached lamp that directs a beam of light up through object |
|
base |
flat surface of microscope that rests on the table |
|
total magnification |
multiply magnification of ocular lens by the magnification of the objective lens |
|
field of view |
circle visible through the lenses |
|
diameter of field |
length of the field from one edge to the other |
|
depth of field
|
area from top to bottom that comes into focus while slowly focusing up and down with the microscopes fine adj knob |
|
wet mount |
placing a drop of liquid on a slide or if the material is dry, place directly on the slide and add water or stain |
|
cell theory |
all living things are made of cells and that cells come only from other cells |
|
cytoplasm |
material bounded by a plasma membrane and cell wall |
|
prokaryotic cells |
no nuclei bacteria and archae no memb bound organelles cytoplasm |
|
euk cells |
nucleus |
|
organelles |
small membranous bodies with a specific structure and function |
|
diffusion |
movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved and mc are distributed equally |
|
osmosis |
diffusion of water across the plasma membrane of a cell. high to low |
|
tonicity |
relative concentration of solute (particles) and also of solvent (water) outside the cell compared to inside |
|
isotonic solution |
same concentration of solute (and water) as the cell. no net movement of water = 0.9% NaCl |
|
hypertonic solution |
has a higher solute (lower water) concentration than the cell. /water moves out of cell into solution |
|
hypotonic solution |
has a lower solute (higher water) concentration than the cell. /Cells placed in hypotonic solution, water moves from solution into the cell. |
|
crenation |
cell shrivels up/ >0.9% NaCl |
|
hymolysis |
cell burts/ < 0.9% NaCl |
|
turgor pressure |
large central vacuole gains and exerts pressure / in cytoplasm pushed against wall HYPOTONIC |
|
plasmolysis |
central vacuole loses water and cytoplasm & chloroplasts pull away from cell wall HYPERTONIC |
|
pH scale |
range from 0-14 |
|
buffer |
system of chemicals that takes up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions as needed |
|
reactants |
mc that undergo a change |
|
products |
results of reactants |
|
enzymes |
organic catalysts that speed reactions |
|
specific |
enzymes speed only one type of reaction |
|
catalase |
speeds breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in all organisms |
|
substrate |
reactants in enymatic chemical reaction |
|
degradation |
substrate broken down |
|
synthesis |
substrates combined |
|
active site |
spot where enzyme and substrate form an enzyme substrate complex |
|
peroxisome |
contains catalase, present in all animals and plants |
|
denature |
enzyme loses original shape and the active site wont function to bring reactants together |