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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) |
Technology in molecular biology used to amplify a copy of DNA producing millions of copies -In vitro DNA amplification protocol |
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Primers |
Short DNA fragments containing sequences complementary to the target region in PCR |
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Taq DNA Polymerase |
Is a thermostable DNA polymerase (heat resistant enzyme) isolated from hot spring bacterium Thermus Aquaticus and used in PCR |
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Papillae |
"Ridges and valleys" structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give the tongue its characteristic rough texture. Types: filiform, fungiform, foliage,and circumvallate. All types have taste buds except filiform. |
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Taste buds |
Structures located around the papillae which have taste receptors. Each taste bud contains a number of taste cells which have tips that protrude into the taste bud. |
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Neurotransmitter |
Chemical released by a neuron that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse. ATP for taste reception. |
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G protein couple receptors |
7 transmembrane domain receptors that when bound to a ligand get activated and causes a conformational change. Exchanges it's bound GDP for GTP. The Alfa subunit with the bound GTP dissociate from beta and b and y for further intracellular signaling |
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Giemsa Staining |
Used in cytogenetics. Is its specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself for regions of DNA with high amounts of adenosine thymine bonding. Used to stain chromosomes and create a karyogram |
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Agarose |
Extracted from algae. Linear polysaccharide made up of the repeating unit of agarobiose, which is a disaccharide made of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose. Gel is made by dissolving agarose powder with running buffer |
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Electrophoresis |
Method to separate linear DNA by size. Negatively charge DNA migrate through he electric field created by the gel matrix. Can be visualized under UV light after staining with EtBr |
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Ethidium bromide |
Inter slating agent used as fluorescent tag in molecular bio labs for techniques such as gel electrophoresis. Mutagen that can cause frameshift mutations, lead to truncated protein production. May damage of tumor repressor genes |
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Transcription |
Process by which RNA polymerase utilizes one DNA strand as a template forguiding the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule |
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Homozygous |
Identical alleles of a gene are present on both homologous chromosomes |
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Heterozygous |
A diploid organism is heterozygous at a gene locus when it's cells contain two different alleles |
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SNP |
Variation of a single nucleotide which may occur at some specific position in the genome. Greater than 1% |
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Divergent evolution |
Result of diffusion of he same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow snobs the distinct populations allowing differentiation |
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Convergent evolution |
Independent evolutions of similar features in species of different lineages. Example: loss of function phenotype in PTC receptors among primates |
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NCBI |
National Center for Biotechnology Information. Provides access to biomedical and genomic information, and gene analysis tool such as BLAST |
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BLAST |
Basic Local Aligment Search Tool. Provides databases for searching DNA sequence from different organisms. Provides tools to compare different sequences by alignment |
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Which components are required in the PCR reaction? |
Back (Definition) |
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Program Cycles set for Taq polymerase in the thermocycler? |
Back (Definition) |
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Which types of molecules can receive five types of tastes on your tongue respectively |
Back (Definition) |
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Translation |
Process by which the base sequence of an mRNA molecule guides the sequence of amino acids incorporated into a polypeptide chain, occurs on ribosomes. |
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Components of DNA dye and their roles |
Back (Definition) |
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ExoSAP-IT |
PCR cleanup and DNA purification. When PCR amplification is complete, any unconsumed dNTPs and primers remaining in the PCR product would interfere with DNA sequencing or SNP analysis. Removes contaminants. |
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Exonuclease I: degrade primers |
From E. coli. Hydrolyses single stranded DNA in the 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'mononucleotides and leaving 5'-dinucleotides intact. Hydrolysis cannot proceed if 3' is phosphorylated. This property degrade all ssDNA that would otherwise interfere with the sequencing. |
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Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase |
Degrade unincorporated dNTPs to inorganic phosphate and nucleosides |
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ddNTP |
Dideoxynucleotides Chain elongating inhibitors of DNA Polymerase used in Sanger method. Do not have a 3' hydroxyl group, hence no further elongation can occur once the ddNTP is added |
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Which components are required in the PCR reaction? |
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Program Cycles set for Taq polymerase in the thermocycler? |
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Which types of molecules can receive five types of tastes on your tongue respectively |
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Components of DNA dye and their roles |
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Chromas Lite |
Provides nucleotide signal intensity information, which can differentiate two signal in one position |
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Signal transduction pathway for PTC gprotein |
Back (Definition) |