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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genetic variation |
Genetic differences that exists among individuals ina population at a particular part in time |
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Genotype |
The genetic makeup of a cell |
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Phenotype |
An individual's observable characteristics or traits. It is the effect that a genotype causes |
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Allele |
Different forms of any gene and they corresponding to different DNA sequences |
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Homozygous |
Individual who inherits an allele of the same type from both parents |
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Heterozygous |
Individual who inherit different types of allele from their parents |
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Gene |
Unit of heredity . The stretch of DNA that effects one or more traits in an organism . There are thousands of genes on a chromosome |
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Genome |
The entire genetic material transmitted from a parental cell |
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Single nucleotide polymorphism |
SNP a site in the genome where the base pair that is present differs among individuals in a population |
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Gametes |
A reproductive haploid ( one set of chromosomes) . Gamete cells fuse in pairs to form a diploid cell |
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Zygote |
The products of the fusion of two gamete cells |
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Blending inheritance |
Disproven Theory in which traits in offspring resemble average of those in parents |
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P1 generation |
Parental offspring |
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F1 generation |
The offspring of the P1 generation which will always show the dominant allele |
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Principle of segregation |
Principle by which 1/2 the gametes receive one allele and 1/2 receive the other. The literal separation of chromosomes that happens in meiosis |
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Testcross |
Any cross of an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive genotype |
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Incomplete dominance |
Which phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is an intermediate between those of homozygous genotypes. |
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Addition rule |
The principle that the probability of either of two mutually exclusive outcomes occurring is given by the sum of their individual probabilities. Key words either and or |
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Multiplication Rule |
Principle that the probability of two independent events occurring simultaneously is the product of their probabilities. Key word is and |
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Principle of independent assortment |
States that the segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair is independent of another |
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Autosomes |
Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes |
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Morgan fruit fly |
Thomas Morgan discovered x linked genes after doing genetic crosses with fruit flies after noticing the male having white eyes instead of traditional red |
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Criss cross |
An X chromosome present in a male must be given to female in next generation and then transmitted back to male in next generation |
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Crossover |
Physical exchange of parts of homology chromosomes which take place in prophase I of Meiosis within gametes |