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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
blood functions to (5): |
-transport hormones, oxygen, and nutrients to cells -transport CO2 and other wastes from cells -fight infections by transporting antibodies and cells of the immune system -maintain blood pressure and regulate body temp -keep the pH of body fluids w/in normal limits |
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antibodies |
proteins produced in response to the presence of an antigen; each one of these combines with a specific antigen |
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2 main components of blood: |
-plasma -formed elements |
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plasma |
liquid portion of blood; contains nutrients, wastes, salts, and proteins |
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formed elements (3) |
-red blood cells -white blood cells -platelets |
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plasma is a ________ tissue |
connective |
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plasma proteins (3) |
-albumins -globulins -fibroinogen
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plasma proteins maintain _______ _________ and help regulate _____. |
osmotic pressure / pH |
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osmotic pressure |
measure of the tendency of water to move across a selectively permeable membrane; visible as an increase in liquid on the side of the membrane w/ higher solute concentration |
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albumins |
plasma protein of the blood having transport and osmotic functions |
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globulins |
type of protein in blood plasma important in fighting disease-causing pathogens |
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fibrinogen |
an inactive plasma protein; but once activated, it forms a blood clot |
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red blood cells (erythrocytes) |
formed element that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues |
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hemoglobin (Hb) |
iron-containing pigment in RBCs that combines w/ and transports oxygen |
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When oxygen concentration decreases, the kidneys increase production of the hormone _________. |
erythropoletin (EPO) |
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diseases involving RBCs include: (3) |
-anemia -hemolysis -sickle-cell disease |
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anemia |
inefficiency in the oxygen-carrying ability of blood due to a shortage of hemoglobin |
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hemolysis |
rupture of RBCs accompanied by the release of hemoglobin |
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sickle-cell disease |
genetic disorder in which the affected individual has sickle-shaped RBCs subject to hemolysis |
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white blood cells (leukocytes) |
type of blood cell that is transparent w/out staining and protects the body from invasion by foreign substances and organisms |
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White blood cells are either _______ or _________. |
granular leukocytes / agranular leukocytes |
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granular leukocytes |
white blood cell w/ prominent granules in the cytoplasm |
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agranular leukocytes |
white blood cell that does not contain distinctive granules |
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immune system |
white blood cells and lymphatic organs that protect the body against foreign organisms and substances and also cancerous cells |
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antigens |
foreign substance, usually a protein or a polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies |
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monocytes |
type of agranular white blood cell that functions as a phagocyte and an antigen-presenting cell |
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lymphocytes |
specialized white blood cell that functions in specific defense; occurs in 2 forms--T and B cell |
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diseases associated with white blood cells (3); |
-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) -leukemia -infectious mononucleosis |
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platelets (thrombocytes) |
component of blood necessary to blood clotting |
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megakaryocytes |
large cell that gives rise to blood platelets |
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prothrombin |
plasma protein converted to thrombin during the steps of blood clotting |
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thrombin (T) |
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads during blood clotting |
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fibrinogen |
plasma protein that is converted into fibrin threads during blood clotting |
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coagulation |
homeostatic mechanism that forms blood clots in response to injury |
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diseases associated w/ improper blood clotting include (3) |
-thrombocytopenia -thromboembolism -hemophilia
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thrombocytopenia |
insufficient number of platelets in the blood |
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thromboembolism |
obstruction of a blood vessel by a thrombus that has dislodged from the site of its formation |
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hemophilia |
genetic disorder in which the affected individual is subject to uncontrollable bleeding |
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agglutination |
occurs if the corresponding antigen and antibody are mixed |
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Type A Blood |
Type A surface antigens; plasma has anti-B antibodies |
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Type B Blood |
Type B surface antigens; plasma has anti-A antibodies |
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Type AB Blood |
Types A and B surface antigens; plasma has neither anti-A antibodies of anti-B antibodies (universal recipient) |
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Type O Blood |
neither Type A nor type B surface antigens; plasma has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor) |