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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
homeopathy |
there is no medicine in homeopathic medication |
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NaturalCausality |
things happening on earth have a naturalcause, and can be understood scientifically and fit into known natural laws |
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Scientific Method |
a general set of activities which can beapplied to many types of questions |
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Theory |
a set of well-supported hypotheses,universally accepted by scientists |
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Pseudoscience |
provides little or no supporting evidence for claims, starts from unsupported premises, violates logic and reasoning, and denies contrary evidence |
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Naturalistic Fallacy |
anything from nature has to be good for you; conversely, anything man-made is bad or dangerous |
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Confirmation-bias fallacy |
tests are carried out or interpreted only to confirm the desired result |
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Cherry-picking |
doing a lot of tests and only reporting on the ones that show the desired results (another example of confirmation bias) |
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Ad-hominem fallacy orpersonal attack |
a person is discredited, and therefore his argument is invalid |
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Strawman argument |
intentionally misrepresenting a counter argument to make it easier to defeat |
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Slippery slope fallacy |
if you allow one thing to happen, it will definitely lead to a bunch of other things that no one wants to happen |
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Special Pleading |
when your claim is shown to be wrong, youexplain it away with a variety of excuses (also called double standard) |
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Seductive details |
providing related, but logically irrelevant details |
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Testimonials |
(a person claiming that something worked for them) are not acceptable evidence of the reliability of a claim, especially not paid celebrity testimonials |
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Argument fromignorance |
if science can’t disprove it, it must be true |
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Gregor Mendel |
Discovered inheritance through flowers |
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Phenotype |
an organism’s traits (like blue eyes, bushy eyebrows) |
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Genotype |
an organism’s genes, which help give it its traits |
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DNA |
the chemical within cells which carries the genetic information |
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Gene |
a section of DNA responsible for a particular trait (like blue eyes); people have 2 copies of each gene |
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Chromosome |
a single very long DNA molecule, containing many different genes |
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Genome |
all of the genetic material of an organism or species |
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Alleles |
alternateforms of genes that give different traits (there are blue eye alleles,brown eye alleles, etc.) |
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Homozygous |
having two of the same alleles for one gene ww |
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Heterozygous |
having two different alleles for one gene Ww |
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Dominantalleles |
are always expressed, and are represented by a capital letter |
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recessive |
The trait which is only expressed when homozygous |
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Two factor crosses |
inheritance of two separate traits |
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Codominantdisorders |
neither allele is dominant or recessive, both are expressed in heterozygotes |
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Discontinuoustraits |
are either present or absent, with no intermediate possibilities |
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Karyotype |
a picture of a person's chromosomes, taken from a dividing cell |
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SRY |
Sex determining region of Y |
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TDF |
testis-determiningfactor |