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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What could costs be for the survival of an organism? |
Energy consumed, probability of injury or death |
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What could benefits be for the survival of an organism? |
Net gain in energy, increase in reproductive success |
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Optimal Foraging |
Any method of searching for and obtaining food that maximize the relative benefit |
Any ___ of ___ for and ___ ___ that ___ the ___ ___ |
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What is the importance of maximizing energy gain |
Growth, reproduction, defense, repair, storage (fat, etc.) |
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Patchiness habitat |
Resources are distributed in discrete patches (some patches contain more food than others) |
____ are distributed in ____ ____ |
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Benefits of group living |
Foraging efficiency, increased resources defense, cooperative hunting, increase in survival and reproductive success |
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What are disadvantages of group living |
Higher chance of being found by predators Increase in vigilance, competition, spread of diseases and parasites |
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Natural Selection and group living |
Natural selection acts on individuals, not species |
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Eusocial |
A cooperative group in which one female and several makes are reproductively active, non-breeding care for young |
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What is an example of a Eusocial organism |
Ants, termites, naked mole rats |
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Altruism |
Actions to increase the number of offspring produced by other individual at a cost to the altruist’s own survival and reproduction |
Actions to ___ the number of ____ produced by other ___ at a ___ to the ___ own ___ and ____ |
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Hymenoptera |
Unusual mechanisms of sex determination Males are haploid and come from unfertilized eggs Females are diploid and come from fertilized eggs |
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What are environmental factors that influence behaviors in organisms |
physical factors - temp, rain, wind, etc chemical factors - nutrients, minerals biological factors - other organisms |
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Promiscuity |
The act of having multiple partners (ie. wolves) |
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What are generalists and specialists? |
when animals are in unproductive environments they are generalists (spend too much time searching for food) when animals are ina productive environment they are speacialists |
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What is Brown's hypothesis? |
If food levels are equal in two patches, a forager should stay longer in the patch where cost of foraging is lower |
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What are the characteristics of Eusocial insects |
-Colony members are closely related -Family groups stay together -Individuals recognize their relatives |
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Why is kin selection important |
because of the close genetic relationship between the 'helper' (worker) and the helped individual (queen or sister) |
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