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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bethanecol
|
Muscarinic agonist.
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention |
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Carbachol
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Muscarinic AGONIST
Glaucoma (pupillary contraction and release of intraoccular press) |
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Pilocarpine
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muscarinic agonist
Used for glaucoma. Potent stim of sweat, tears, saliva |
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Methacholine
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muscarinic agonist
Challenge test for asthma |
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Neostigmine
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Postop + neurogenic ileus and urinary retent, myasthenia gravis, reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade post-op |
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Pyridostigmine
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Myasthenia gravis (long acting), does not penetrate CNS |
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Edrophonium
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (extremely short acting) |
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Physostigmine
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
DOES cross BBB. Glaucoma and atropine toxicity. |
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Echothiophate
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Acetycholinesterase inhibitor
Glaucoma |
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Parathion
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Organophosphate - irreversible inhibitor of acetycholinesterase.
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Atropine, homatropine, topicamide
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Antimuscarinics. They DO cross BBB.
Produces mydriasis and cycloplegia. Also antidote for organophosphate |
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Benztropine
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Muscarinic ANTAGONIST.
CAN cross BBB. Used in Parkinson's. |
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Scopalamine
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muscarinic ANTAGONIST
CAN cross BBB. Motion sickness |
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Ipratropium
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Antimuscarinic.
Non-selective, but cannot be absorbed systemically in significant amounts so it acts only locally on M3 receptors in bronchioles. COPD, Asthma |
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Methscopalamine
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Muscarinic antagonist
Reduces urgency in mild cystitis and reduces bladder spasm |
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Pirenzepine
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Antimuscarinic
Peptic Ulcer treatment. |
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Fxn of glaucoma drugs
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a1 stimulation -> decreased aqueous humor synthesis due to vasoconstriction
beta1 blocker -> direct inhibition of aqueous humor secretion by ciliary body M3 stim -> miosis&ciliary muscle contraction. miosis leads to opening of canal of schlemm and trabecular meshwork (effective especially for EMERGENCY) acetazolamide -> decreased aqueous humor synthesis due to decreased bicarb prostaglandin (latanoprost) -> increased outflow of aqueous humor (permeability of trabecular mesh?) |
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Epinephrine
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a1, a2, b1, b2. BUT b1 selective at low doses.
Anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension Wide pulse pressure because a1 agonist and b2 agonist. Tachycardia because b1 agoinst. b1 agonism also increase contractility. |
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Norepinephrine
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Agonist: (a1, a2) > b1
Pulse pressure will remain the same (no beta2 agonism), average BP will increase (alpha1 agonism), reflex BRADYcardia (due to feedback inhibition from blood pressure) Use: Hypotension (but decreases renal perfusion) |
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Isoproterenol
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beta1 = beta2 AGONIST
AV block Increase in heart rate (b1). Increase in pulse pressure (b2 lowering diastolic). Decrease in mean blood pressure (b2 lowering diastolic and vasodialation compensatory to increase in heart rate). |
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Dopamine
|
D1=D2 > beta > alpha
Shock (increases renal perfusion), heart failure |
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Dobutamine
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beta1 > beta2 AGONIST
ionotrope but not chronotropic Shock, heartfailure, cardiac stress test |
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Phenylephrine
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AGONIST a1 > a2
Pupillary dialation, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion |
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Albuterol
|
b2 agonist
Acute asthma |
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Terbutaline
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beta 2 AGONIST
Reduces premature uterine contractions |
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Ritodrine
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beta2 agonist
Reduces premature uterine contractions |
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Amphetamine
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Indirect agonist. Induces release of catecholamines.
Narcolepsy, obesity, attention deficit disorder |
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Ephedrine
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Indirect agonist. Promotes catecholamine release
Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension |
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Cocaine
|
NE re-uptake inhibitor
Vasoconstriction and local anesthesia |
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Clonadine, alpha-methyldopa
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CENTRALLY ACTING alpha 2 AGONISTS
Hypertension, especially in renal disease (no decreased renal flow). Alphamethyldopa is only antihypertensive (other than hydralazine) safe for pregnant women. |
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Phenoxybenzamine
|
ALPHA blocker. IRREVERSIBLE.
Pheochromocytoma, irreversible so high catecholamines can't overcome |
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Phentolamine
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Reversible non-selective alpha antagonist
|
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Phenoxybenzamine (toxicity)
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Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
|
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Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
|
Alpha1 selective antagonists.
Hypertension, urinary retension in BPH 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness |
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Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin (toxicity)
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1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
|
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Mirtazapine
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Alpha2 blocker.
Used for depression (blocks feedback inhibition of NE and 5-HT) |
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Mitrazapine (toxicity)
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Sedation(H1 blocking), increased serum cholesterol & appetite
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Beta blockers uses
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Hypertension, Angina, MI, SVT, CHF, Glaucoma
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Beta blockers for SVT
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Propranolol, esmolol
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Beta blocker for Glaucoma
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timolol
|
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Beta blocker (toxicity)
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Impotence, exacerbation of asthma, bradycardia, AV block, CHF, seadtion, sleep alterations.
Increased VLDL (chol & TGL). Decreased HDL. |
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Atropine (eye)
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pupil dialation (mydriasis), cycloplegia
|
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Atropine (airway)
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decreased secretions. decreased contraction
|
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Atropine (Stomach)
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decreased acid
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Atropine (Gut)
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decreased motility
|
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Atropine (Bladder)
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decreased urgency in cystitis
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Atropine (toxicity)
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inc body temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
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Hexamethonium
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Nicotinic antagonist. (Nn)
Ganglionic blocker. Prevents reflex tachycardia |
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propranolol
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non-selective beta blocker (beta1 = beta2)
hypertension, aortic dissection, arrrhythmias |
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acebutalol
|
beta1 selective blocker. (better for diabetics and asthmatics because no beta2 blocking)
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (in other words, it is a partial beta agonist). Therefore, minimal bradycardia and minimal increase in VLDL. |
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metoprolol
|
beta1 selective blocker. (better for diabetics and asthmatics because no beta2 blocking)
|
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atenolol
|
beta1 selective blocker. (better for diabetics and asthmatics because no beta2 blocking)
|
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pindolol
|
non-selective beta blocker (beta1 = beta2)
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (in other words, it is a partial beta agonist). Therefore, minimal bradycardia and minimal increase in VLDL. |
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carvedilol
|
non-selective beta blocker (b1 = b2)
Also a vasodialator: -a1 blockade -Ca2+ channel blockade Protective against detrimental remodeling post MI. Increased survival in CHF. |
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labetalol
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non-selective beta blocker (b1 = b2)
Also a vasodialator: -a1 blockade -partial beta2 agonist Beneficial in long-term CHF management (as is carvedilol). |
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fenoldopam
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D1 receptor agonist leading to renal and splanchnic vasodialation. Some alpha2 stimulation (feedback inhibition of adrenergic release).
Lowers BP and increases renal perfusion. |
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pralidoxime
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chemical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase by REMOVING ORGANOPHOSPHATE. But cannot be used too long after poisoning because the organophosphate/Acetylcholinesterase bond becomes permanent.
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esmolol
|
beta1 selective agonist
short acting |
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betaxolol
|
beta1 selective antagonist
|
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pancuronium
|
non-depolarizing paralysis inducer (usually for surgery)
Nm receptor antagonist |
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succinylcholine
|
depolarizing paralysis inducer
cholinergic agonist (Nm mostly) that cannot be hydrolyzed by AChE |