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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
beta adrenergic blockers
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timolol (Timoptic, Betimol)
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cartelol (Ocupress)
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beta adrenergic blockers
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metipranolol (OptiPranolol)
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beta adrenergic blockers
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levobunolol (Betagan Liquifilm, AK-Beta)
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beta adrenergic blockers
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cardioselective beta blockers
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betaxolol (Betatopic) , levovetxolol (Betaxon)
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beta adrenergic blocker MOA
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decrease IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced
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beta adrenergic blocker Use
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used primarily to treat POAG (primary open-angle glaucoma)
used to treat closed-angle on an emergency basis |
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beta adrenergic adverse effects
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temporary stinging discomfort in the eye immediately after drop is instilled
occasional conjunctivitis, blurred vision, photophobia, dry eyes systemic effects of beta blockade on heart and lungs may occur |
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beta adrenergic contraindications
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clients who have bradycardia and AV heart block and should be used carefully in clients who have heart failure- monitor for bradycardia
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beta adrenergic blocker interactions
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can increase cardiovascular and respiratory effects
can interfere with insulin |
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beta adrenergic blocker admin
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hold pressure on naso/lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds immediately after instilling drops
monitor pulse rate and rhythm as indicated for beta-blocker |
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alpha-adrenergic meds
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proto: brimonidine (Alphagan)
apraclonidine (Iopidine) |
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brimonidine (alpha adrenergic) MOA
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decreases production and may also increase outflow of aqueous humor to lower IOP
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alpha adrenergic use
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brimodine is a first line med used for long-term topical treatment of POAG
apraclonidine is a short-term therapy for POAG only and is also used preoperatively for laser eye surgeries |
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alpha adrenergic adverse
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localized stinging and pruritis of conjunctiva
blurred vision, headache, dry mouth reddened sclera hypotension, drowsiness |
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alpha adrenergic interactions
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antihypertensive meds may intensify hypotension caused by brimonidine- inform provider if taking any antihypertensive meds
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alpha adrenergic admin
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monitor BP for hypotension
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prostaglandin analogs
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latanoprost (Xalatan)
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travopost (Travatan)
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prostaglandin analogs
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bimatoprost (Lumigan)
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prostaglandin analogs
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prostaglandin analogs MOA
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increases aqueous humor outflow through relaxation of ciliary muscle
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prostaglandin analogs Adverse
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permanent increased brown pigmentation, usually occurring in individuals with brown-colored irises
stinging, burning, red conjunctiva- do not rub eyes blurred vision migraine |
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second in line topical meds for glaucoma
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direct-acting cholinergic agonist
proto: pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Pilocar) |
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pilocarpine (direct-acting cholinergic agonist) use
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second in line for POAG, lowers IOP directly through ciliary constriction
also used to treat closed-angle glaucoma |
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pilocarpine adverse
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retinal detachment
parasympathetic effects, such as bradycardia decreased visual acuity |
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carbonic anhydrase 2nd in line inhibitor
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dorzolamide (Trusopt)
also available in combination with timolol (called Cosopt) |
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 2nd in line purpose
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second in line for POAG which decreases aqueous humor production
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carbon anhydrase inhibitor 2nd in line r adverse
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localized reactions in up to 15%
blurred vision, dryness, photophobia |
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osmotic agents
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mannitol (Osmitrol)
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glycerin (Osmoglyn
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osmotic agent
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isosorbide (Ismotic)
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osmotic agent
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Osmotic agent MOA
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decrease intraocular pressure by making the plasma hypertonic, thus drawing fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye
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osmotic agent uses
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treat rapid progression of closed-angle glaucoma to prevent blindness
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carbon anhydrase inhibitor
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acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels)
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methazolamide
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carbon anhydrase inhibitor
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carbon anhydrase inhibitor MOA
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reduces production of aqueous humor by causing diuresis through renal effects
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carbon anhydrase inhibitor uses
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used to quickly lower IOP in clients for whom other medications have been ineffective
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acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels) (carbon anhydrase)
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a non-antimicrobial sulfanomide can be used as an emergency medication prior to surgery for acute angle-closure glaucoma and as a second line med for treatment of POAG
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carbon anhydrase adverse
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severe allergic reactions
possible cross sensitivity with sulfanomide rare serious blood disorders- such as bone marrow depression GI side effects electrolyte depletion, altered liver function flu like symptoms CNS disturbances glucose disturbances in DM patients |
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carbon anhydrase contraindications
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pregnancy category C
use during lactation only after evaluation by provider |
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carbon anhydrase interactions
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maetabolic acidosis while using high dose aspirin
acetazolamide may increase the risk of toxic effects of quinidine acetazolamide may decrease blood levels of lithium acetazolamide may increase osteomalacia, an adverse effect of phenytoin sodium bicarbonate increases risk of kidney stones |
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carbon anhydrase effectiveness
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Reduced IOP
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