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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The phenomenon resulting from the passage of an aircraft through the air is __________. |
Wake Turbulence |
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What are circular pattern of air created by the movement of an airfoil through the air when generating lift? |
Vortices |
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What is the most predominant part of aircraft wake turbulence and a by product of wing lift. |
Vortices |
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The strength of a vortex is governed by what three factors? |
Weight of the generating aircraft Shape of the wing (wing configuration) Speed of the generating aircraft |
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The greatest vortex strength is generated when the aircraft is __________, __________ and __________. |
Heavy, Clean and Slow |
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The __________ of the aircraft is by far the greatest factor that affects the intensity of wake turbulence. |
Weight |
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The __________ the speed, the greater the chance for wake turbulence to form. |
slower |
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A __________ configured wing allows for a strong vortex to be generated because without flaps the wing has a smaller area and wing load is therefore greater per square foot. |
clean |
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__________ is generated by the creation of pressure differential over the wing surface. |
Lift Note: Low pressure above High Pressure Below |
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When viewing aircraft from behind, vortex circulation off the wingtip is __________ off the right wing; __________ off the left wing. |
Counterclockwise / Clockwise |
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Vortices from large aircraft will sink approximately 300 ft to 500 ft per minute and level off approximately __________ feet below the flight path. |
500 to 1,000 feet |
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With no wind, vortices within 100 ft to 200 ft of the ground will move _____ to _____ knots laterally across the ground. |
2 to 3 knots |
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For landing aircraft, crosswinds of 1 to 5 knots tend to __________ the lateral movement of one vortex while __________ the movement of the other. |
decrease or stall / increase |
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__________ can move vortices into the landing zones of aircraft that were originally trying to avoid the wake. |
Tailwinds |
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__________ is the mechanical force a wake vortex has on an aircraft. With no counter roll (roll Control) the aircraft would spin completely, spinning on its longitudinal axis until the vortex sufficiently weakened. |
Induced Roll |
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Hazardous conditions occur when the induced roll exceeds the level of __________. |
Roll Control |
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The ability of an aircraft to counteract the effects of the roll (Counter Control) is based on __________ and __________. |
The wingspan of the aircraft The counter control capability of the aircraft |
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A helicopter will generate a downwash from its main rotors in a __________ or a __________. |
slow hover taxi or stationary hover |
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A hovering helicopter creates a downwash from its main rotors that can travel up to how far? |
Three times the diameter of the rotor |
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Pilots should avoid operating within __________ of any helicopter in a slow hover taxi or stationary hover. |
Three rotor diameters |
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What must a helicopter be doing in order to generate wing tip vortices? |
Must be in forward flight |
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Why is the controller not responsible for anticipating the existence or effect of wake turbulence. |
Because wake turbulence is unpredictable |
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Wake turbulence has the greatest impact on ATC in the areas of __________ and __________. |
increased separation traffic management delays |