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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Style
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an artist’s distinctive manner of producing an object, the way it looks
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canon of proportions
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a rule of what is considered “correct” proportions.
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composition
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the way in which an artist organized forms in an artwork, either by placing shapes on a flat surface or arranging forms in space
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form
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an object’s shape and structure, either in two dimensions or in three dimensionsan object’s shape and structure, either in two dimensions or in three dimensions
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hierarchy of scale / hieratic scale
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an artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance
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line
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the extension of a point along a path, made by drawing on or chiseling into a plane
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medium
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the material in which an artist works
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space
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both the actual area an object occupies or building encloses, or the illusion of space in a painting/sculpture
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technique
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the process artists employ to create form, as well as the distinctive, personal ways in which they handle their materials and tools
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texture
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the quality of a surface, such as rough or shiny
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perspective
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a method of presenting an illusion of the three dimensional world on a two dimensional surface
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foreshortening
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the use of perspective to represent the apparent visual contraction of a subject.
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additive sculpture
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a kind of sculpture technique in which the materials are built up or added to create form
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high relief
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figures project a good deal from the background which they are a part of
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low-relief (bas relief)
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where the figures are carved into the stone so that the highest part of the sculpture is no higher then the stone itself
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subtractive sculpture
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a kind of sculpture technique where the materials are built up or added to create form
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elevation
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architecture - head on view of external or internal wall
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plan
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architecture - horizontal arrangements of the parts of a building or a city
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section
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architecture - diagram or representation of a part of a structure or building
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patrons
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the person or entity that commissions an artist to create artwork
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in situ
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a work of art made specifically for a host site or takes into account the site where it will be displayed
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causality
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the relationship between cause and effect
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iconography
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the writing of images in an artwork/ the study of symbolic content in an artwork
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Twisted Perspective |
A convention of representation in which part of afigure is shown in profile and another part of the same figure is shown frontally |
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Narrative |
A story |
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Megalith |
Greek, “great stone.” A large, roughly hewn stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric structures. |
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Post and Lintel System |
A system of construction in which twoposts support a lintel. |
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Sumerian |
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Akkadian |
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Babylonian |
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Assyrian |
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Neo-Babylonian |
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Persian |
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Fresco |
Painting on lime plaster, either dry or wet |
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Megaron |
The great hall of the Grecian palace complexes Comunal Hall/ Feast/ Religious Events |
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Cella |
The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classicaltemple, the room (Greek, naos) in which the cult statue usuallystood. |
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Classical Period |
The art and culture of ancient Greece between480 and 323 bce. |
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Hellenistic Period |
The term given to the art and culture of the roughlythree centuries between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and the death of Queen Cleopatra in 30 bce, when Egypt became a Roman province. |
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Tuscan Columns |
The standard type of Etruscan column. It resemblesancient Greek Doric columns but is made of wood, is unfluted, and has a base |
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Sarcophagus |
Greek, “consumer of flesh.” A coffin,usually of stone. |
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Forum |
The public square of an ancient Roman city. |
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Basilica |
In Roman architecture, a public buildingfor legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular in plan, with an entrance usually on a long side |
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Pilaster |
A flat, rectangular, vertical member projecting from a wallof which it forms a part |
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Arch |
A curved structural member that spans an opening and is generally composed of wedge-shaped blocks (voussoirs) that transmitthe downward pressure laterally |
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Triumphal Arch |
In Roman architecture, a freestanding arch commemorating an important event, such as a military victory or theopening of a new road. |
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Coffer |
A sunken panel, often ornamental, in a vault or a ceiling. |
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Dome |
A hemispherical vault; theoretically, an arch rotated on its vertical axis. In Mycenaean architecture, domes are beehive-shaped. |
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Catacombs |
Subterranean networks of rock-cut galleries and chambers designed as cemeteries for the burial of the dead. |
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Orant Figures |
A figure with both arms raised in theancient gesture of prayer |
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Cubicula |
A small cubicle or bedroom that openedonto the atrium of a Roman domus |
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Nave |
The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church,demarcated from aisles by piers or columns. |
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Aisle |
The portion of a basilica flanking the nave and separated fromit by a row of columns or piers |
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Apse |
A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church. |
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Transept |
The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle. |
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Longitudinal Plan |
In an axial plan, the parts of a building are organized longitudinally, or along a given axis |
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Central Plan |
The parts of the structure are of equal or almost equaldimensions around the center. |
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Mosaic |
Patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces (tesserae) of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls andfloors |
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Pendentive |
A concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four ofwhich provide the transition from a square area to the circular base of a covering dome. |
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Mosque |
The Islamic building for collective worship. From the Arabic word masjid, meaning a “place for bowing down. |
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Minbar |
In a mosque, the pulpit on which the imam stands |
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Koran |
Islam’s sacred book, composed of surahs (chapters) dividedinto verses. |
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Mihrab |
A semicircular niche set into the qibla wall of a mosque. |
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Carpet Pages |
In early medieval manuscripts, a decorative pageresembling a textile. |
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Scriptorium |
The writing studio of a monastery. |
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Illuminated Manuscripts |
A luxurious handmade book with paintedillustrations and decorations. |
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Monastery |
A group of buildings in which monks live together, setapart from the secular community of a town |
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Cloister |
A monastery courtyard, usually with covered walks or ambulatories along its sides. |
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Relics |
The body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure, such as the Buddha or Christ or a Christian saint. |
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Parchment |
Lambskin prepared as a surface for painting or writing |
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Hiberno-Saxon Art |
An art style that flourished in the monasteries of the British Isles in the early Middle Ages |
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Carolingian |
Pertaining to the empire of Charlemagne (Latin, “Carolus Magnus”) and his successors |
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Ottonian |
Pertaining to the empire of Otto I and his successors |
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Pilgrimage |
A journey to a place associated with someone or something well known or respected. |
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Tympanum |
The space enclosed by a lintel and an archover a doorway. |
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Radiating Chapels |
In medieval churches, chapels for the display ofrelics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transept. |
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Barrel Vault |
semicylindrical in cross-section, is in effect a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space |
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Groin Vault |
formed at the point at which two barrel vaults inter- sect at right angles |
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Lux Nova |
Latin, “new light.” Abbot Suger’s term for the light thatenters a Gothic church through stained-glass windows. |
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Rib Vault |
framework of ribs or arches under the intersections of the vaulting sections |
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Flying Buttress |
A flying buttress consists typically of an inclined member carried on an arch or a series of arches and a solid buttress to which it transmits lateral thrust. Buttress- exterior masonry structure that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or a vault. A pier buttress is a solid mass of masonry. |
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Rose window |
A circular stained-glass window. |
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Venus of Willendorf,ca. 25,000 BCE. Limestone. (Paleolithic) |
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Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux, France,ca. 15,000 BCE.(Paleolithic) |
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Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain,England, ca. 2000 BCE. (Neolithic) |
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Zigguratof Ur-Nammu, Iraq, c. 2100 B.C.E. (Sumerian) |
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Akkadian ruler, Iraq, ca. 2300 BCE.Copper. (Akkadian) |
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Victory stele of Naram-Sin,Iran, ca. 2254 BCE. Limestone. (Akkadian) |
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Great Pyramids, Giza, Egypt,ca. 2575 BCE. (Egyptian) |
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Khafre Enthroned, ca. 2520 BCE. Diorite. (Egyptian) |
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Akhenaton, ca. 1353 BCE. Sandstone.(Egyptian) |
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Figure of a Woman, ca. 2600 BCE.Marble. (Cycladic) |
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Bull-leaping, from Palace atKnossos, ca. 1450 BCE. Fresco.(Minoan) |
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Lion Gate, Mycenae, Greece, ca.1300 BCE. Limestone. (Mycenaean) |
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Polykleitos, Doryphoros. Original ca. 450 BCE. Marble.(Greece: Classical Period) |
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Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, 447 BCE. (Greece: Classical Period) |
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Three goddesses, East pediment ofthe Parthenon, Athens, Greece, ca. 432 BCE. Marble.(Greece: Classical Period) |
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Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos, ca. 350 BCE. Marble.(Greece: Classical Period) |
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6th-century BCE Etruscan temple(Etruscan). |
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Apulu, Portonaccio temple, Veii, Italy, ca. 500 BCE.Painted terracotta.(Etruscan) |
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Tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia, Italy, ca. 480 BCE. (Etruscan) |
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Fourth Style wall paintings, Houseof the Vettii, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 70 CE.(Rome: The Empire) |
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Portrait of Augustus as General,ca. 20 BCE. Marble. (Rome: The Empire) |
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The Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 70 CE. (Rome:The Empire) |
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Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 118 CE.(Rome: The Empire) |
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The Good Shepherd, the Story ofJonah, and Orants, Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, Italy, early 4th century. Fresco. (Early Christian) |
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Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and attendants, San Vitale,Ravenna, Italy, ca. 547. Mosaic. (Byzantine) |
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Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, 532 CE.(Byzantine) |
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Koran page, 9th century. Ink and gold on vellum. (Islamic) |
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Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 687.(Islamic) |
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Great Mosque, Isfahan, Iran, begun11th century. (Islamic) |
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Book of Kells, late 8th century. Tempera on vellum.(Early Medieval) |
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Doors, Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015. Bronze.(Early Medieval) |
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Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca.1070.(Romanesque) |
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Pentecost and Mission of theApostles, La Madeleine, Vézelay, France, 1120.(Romanesque) |
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Chartres Cathedral, Chartres,France, ca. 1145. (Gothic) |
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Rose window, Chartres Cathedral,ca. 1220. Stained glass.(Gothic) |
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Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux, 1339. Silver gilt andenamel.(Gothic) |
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Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1647. |
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Army of the First Emperor of Qin, Lintong, China, ca. 210 BCE. Painted terracotta. |
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Fan Kuan, Travelers among Mountains andStreams, early 11th century. Hangingscroll, ink and colors on silk. (Chinese) |
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Hokusai, The Great Wave at Kanagawa,1830. Woodblock print. (Japanese) |