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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absorption |
The process of moving digested food into the blood.
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Active Transport |
The movement of molecules in and out of partially permeable cell membranes using the energy produced by respiration. |
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Adaptation |
The process of acclimatising or getting used to the habitat or environment |
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Addiction |
When one has taken a substance or has done something so regularly that they can't stop it without suffering withdrawal symptoms |
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Adrenaline |
A hormone produced by glands that prepares the body for emergency situations and/or stress. |
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Aerobic Respiration |
The process of respiration using the oxygen from the atmosphere |
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Alveoli |
Tiny air sacs, present in the lungs, where gas exchange takes place |
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Anaerobic Respiration |
The process of respiration without using oxygen from the air |
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Antagonistic Muscles |
Pairs of muscles that work together to cause movement of joints |
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Anther |
Part of the flower where pollen is produced |
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Antibiotic |
A drug that will stop or kill certain bacteria. |
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Antibody |
A protein molecule that helps protect the body from invading cells. |
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Artery |
A blood vessel which transports oxygenated blood around the body. |
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Asexual Reproduction |
Reproduction without producing gametes. An example of this is cloning. |
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Bacteria |
A type of single-celled organism without a nucleus |
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Bile |
An alkaline fluid produced in the liver to aid digestion and the breaking down of food molecules |
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Biomass |
The mass of living organisms in a certain area. |
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Biodegradable |
A substance that will be broken by natural processes |
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Bladder |
A muscular sac that contains and ejects urine |
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Brain |
The organ that coordinates the actions and responses of the body. |
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Bronchiole |
A small branch of bronchus which connects a bonchus to the alveoli |
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Bronchus |
A tube that connects the trachea to the lungs |
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Capillary |
The smallest blood vessel, through which substances are exchanged to and from the blood. |
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Cancer |
A disease causing the rapid and fatal overproduction of cells in a part of the body. |
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Carbohydrates |
A groups of foods which provide energy |
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Carnivore |
An animal that eats another animal |
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Catalyst |
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
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Cell |
A structural and functional unit of a cell. |
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Cell Membrane |
One of the outer layers of a cell which dictates which substances go in and out of the cell |
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Cell Wall |
The boundary layer of the cell which provides the cell with shape and structure. |
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Chlorophyll |
The green pigment in leaves which absorbs light for photosynthesis. |
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Chloroplasts |
Structures in a plant cell which contain chlorophyll. |
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Circulatory System |
A system in the body which enables blood to be transported to various organs, tissues and cells. |
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Clone |
An organism that is genetically identical to its parent. |
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Clotting |
A set of chemical reactions which stop blood from flowing out of the body at the point of a wound and form a scab.
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Cornea |
The transparent area in the front of the eye which helps refract light rays before they enter the eye |
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Cytoplasm |
A substance within the cell, similar to jelly, which does not include the nucleus. |
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Decay |
The gradual breakdown of substances by decomposers |
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Deficiency Disease |
A disease caused by the lack of a certain vitamin or mineral |
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Diaphragm |
A muscle situated at the bottom of the lungs which causes air to move in and out of the lungs. |
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Diffusion |
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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Digestion |
The process of breaking down food molecules |
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Drug |
A substance that if consumed changes the body or its reactions |
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Egestion |
The removal of undigested food |
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Emulsification |
The breakdown of large fat molecules into small ones. |
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Enzymes |
Biological catalysts found in the body |
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Evolution |
The change overtime in the genes of species |
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Excretion |
Removal or disposal of waste products from the body. |
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Extinction |
When a species no longer lives on Earth. |
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Fats |
Lipid Molecules containing glycerol and fatty acids |
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Fertilisation |
The fusion of male and female sex cells. |
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Fibre |
Indigestible plant tissue to assist with movement of molecules through the gut. |
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Gametes |
Sex cells produced in sexual reproduction |
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Genes |
A string of DNA found in a chromosome which contains a characteristic. |
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Haemoglobin |
A red pigment found in red blood cells which combines with oxygen. |
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Herbivore |
An animal that only eats plants |
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Homoeostasis |
The maintenance of a constant internal environment.
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Hormone |
A messenger in the form of chemicals which alters the processes in a certain area of the body |
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Immune System |
A series of processes carried out to prevent pathogens infiltrating the body.
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Inheritance |
The passing of genetic information from parent to child. |
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Invertebrates |
Animals that do not have a backbone. |
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Joints |
The sections of the skeleton where two bones meet |
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Kidney |
An organ which helps remove waste chemicals from the blood and dispose of them. |
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Kingdoms |
Groups which organise and sort living organisms |
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Lactic Acid |
A product of anaerobic respiration. |
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Leaf |
The plant organ which provides food for the plant via photosynthesis |
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Liver |
The organ in the body which uses bile to break down food molecules |
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Malnutrition |
A condition caused by eating an unbalanced and lacking diet.
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Menstruation |
The breaking down of the uterus allowing blood and cells to enter the vagina. |
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Metabolism |
All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism. |
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Mucus |
A slime-like substance that traps dust molecules in air passages |
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Muscle |
Tissue that enables movement of joints. |
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Natural Selection |
The fact that only animals that have adapted have a greater chance of survival. |
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Nerve |
A group of nerve cells working together |
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Nucleus |
The part of the cell which contains genetic information and controls the processes of the cells. |
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Nutrition |
Consuming food and in order to provide energy for processes such as growth and repair |
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Obesity |
The condition when someone is extremely overweight |
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Oesophagus |
The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. |
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Organ |
A number of tissues working together to carry out a single function |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water molecules through a partly permeable surface |
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Ovary |
The female sex cell where eggs are produced |
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Pancreas |
The organ which produces digestive enzymes in order to help digestion. |
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Pathogen |
An invading cell which can cause disease in the human body. |
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Plasma |
The watery fluid in the blood which transports nutrients, urea, carbon dioxide and hormones.
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Platelets |
Small fragments of dead red blood cells which help blood clot.
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Proteins |
Compounds consisting of amino acids which help in growth and repair of cells in the body. |
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Puberty |
The age at which sexual characteristics develop in boys and girls.
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Receptors |
Cells, tissues or organs which are sensitive to stimuli |
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Reflex Action |
The quick and automatic response to stimuli. |
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Reproduction |
The process of producing new individual organisms |
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Respiration |
Breaking down of Glucose and Oxygen in order to provide energy for cells. |
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Retina |
The part of the eye which contains cells that are sensitive to light |
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Root |
A plant organ which anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil. |
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Sensitivity |
The ability to detect or notice changes in the environment |
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Species |
A group of living organisms that breed in the same way to produce very similar offspring. |
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Starch
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An insoluble substance made out of glucose. |
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Stem |
The plant organ which supports the leaves and flowers whilst also transporting water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant. |
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Stomach |
A muscular sac at the end of the oesophagus which helps in the digestion of food via chemical reactions with hydrochloric acid. |
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Stimulus |
A minor or major change in the environment. |
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Tendon |
A group of fibres that attach muscles to bones |
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Tissue |
A group of cells working together to achieve the same function.
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Transpiration |
The process which occurs in a plant in order to cool it. |
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Urea |
Waste product caused by the build-up of excess amino acids |
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Urine |
A fluid produced the kidneys which contains waste materials and excess water. |
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Vein |
A blood vessel that transports deoxygenated blood around the body |
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Virus |
A micro-organism that can only reproduce inside living cells. |
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Vertebrates |
Animals that have a backbone. |
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White Blood Cells |
Cells that protect the body from invading pathogens via a series of different processes and responses. |
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Zygote |
A fertilised egg. |