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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Memory |
The location where instructions and data are stored on the computer |
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Algorithm |
A sequence of steps that can be followed to complete a task that always terminates |
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Syntax |
The rules of how words are used within a given language |
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Memory Address |
A specific location in memory where instructions or data are stored |
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Assignment |
The process of giving a value to a variable or constant |
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Constant |
An item of data who's value does not change |
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Variable |
An item of data whose value could change while the program is being run |
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Debug |
The process of finding and correcting errors in programs |
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Declararion |
The process of defining variables and constants in terms of their name and data type |
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Data type |
Determines what sort of data are being stored and how it will be handled by the program |
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Integer |
Any whole positive or negative number including 0 |
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Pointer |
A data item that identifies a particular element in a data structure - normally the front or rear |
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Array |
A set of related data items sorted under a single identifier. Can work on one or more dimensions |
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Element |
A single value within a set or list - also called a member |
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Record |
One line of a text file |
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Selection |
The principle of choosing what action to take based on certain criteria |
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Nesting |
Placing one set of instructions within another set of instructions |
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Iteration |
The principle of repeating processes |
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Definite iteration |
A process that repeats a set number of times |
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Indefinite iteration |
A process that repeats until a certain condition is met |
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Loop |
A repeated process |
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Sequence |
The principle of putting the correct instructions in the right order within a program |
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Arithmetic operation |
Common expressions such as +, -, /, x |
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Rounding |
Reducing the number of digits used to represent a number while maintaining a value that is approximately equivalent |
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Truncating. |
The process of cutting off a number after a certain number or characters or decimal places |
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Random number generation |
A function that produces a completely random number |
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Pseudo-randdom number generator |
Common in programming languages, a function that produces a random number that is not 100% random |
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Relation operations |
Expressions that compare two values such as equal to or greater than |
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Boolean operations |
Expressions that result in a TRUE or FALSE value |
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AND |
Boolean operation that outputs true if both inputs are true |
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OR |
Boolean operation that outputs true if either of its inputs are true |
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NOT |
Boolean operation that inverts the result so true becomes false and false becomes true |
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XOR |
Boolean operation that is true if either input is true but not if both inputs are true |
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Character code |
A binary representation of a particular letter, number or special character |
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Procedural programming languages |
Languages where the programmer specifies the steps carried out in order to achieve a result |
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Imperative programming languages |
Languages based on giving the computer commands or procedures to follow |
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Hierarchy chart |
A diagram that shows the design of a system from the top down |
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Structure chart |
Similar to a hierarchy chart with the addition of showing how data is passed around the system |
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Top-down approach |
When designing systems it means that you start at the top of the process and work your way down into smaller and smaller subprocesses |
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Flowchart |
A digram using standard symbols that describes a process or system |
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System flowchart |
A diagram that shows individual processes within a system |
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Psudo-code |
A method of writing code that does not require knowledge of a particular programming language |
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Number Base |
The number of digits available within a particular number system, e.g. base 10 for decimal, base 2 for binary |
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Bit |
A single binary digit from a binary number - either a zero or a one |
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Byte |
A group of bits, typically 8, used to represent a single character |
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Unit |
The grouping together of bits or bytes to form larger blocks of measurement, e.g. GB, MB |
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Unassigned Binary |
Binary that represents positive numbers only |
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Two's Complement |
A method of working with signed binary values |
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Fixed Points |
Where the decimal/binary point is fixed within a number |
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Floating Point |
Where the decimal/binary point can move within a number |
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Signed Binary |
Binary with a positive or negative sign |
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Overflow |
When a number is too large to be represented with the number of bits allocated |
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Underflow |
When a number is too small to be represented with the number of bits allowed |
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Normalisation |
A process for adjusting numbers onto a common scale |
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Precision |
How accurate a number is |
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Mantisa |
The significant digits that make up a number |
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Exponant |
The 'power of' part of a number indicating how far a binary point should be shifted left or right |