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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Party System
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Public intensely loyal to parties
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Patronage
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granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
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Rutherford B Hayes
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President during the Repub party split
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Stalwarts
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Republicans that favored machine politics
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Half-Breeds
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Republicans that favored reform
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1880 Election
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Garfield elected, Chester Arthur VP
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James Garfield
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Won 1880 election, was a half-breed
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Chester Arthur
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VP of Garfield, replaced Garfield after his assassination, was a Stalwart
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1881
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Year Garfield was assassinated
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Pendleton Act
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Passed by Chester, required exams for some govt jobs
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James Blaine
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Initial Repub nominee for 1884 election, symbol of party politics
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Grover Cleveland
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Dem reform candidate for 1884 election, attracted some liberal repubs
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Benjamin Harrison
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Repub nominee for 1888 election, won
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1890 Sherman Antitrust Act
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National act from reformers to limit corporations preventing competition, not enforced well
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McKinley Tariff of 1890
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Highest protective tariff ever, backed by repubs, lost repub political control
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Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad vs Illinois
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Ruled only fed govt able to regulate interstate commerce
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1887 Interstate Commerce Act
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Banned rate discrimination and injustice, formed the Interstate Commerce Commission
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Granger Movement
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First major effort to organize farmers, not successful
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The Farmer's Alliance
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Focused on local problems and also to create a society of cooperation, not successful
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Ocala Platform 1892
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Party platform for Populists, outlined Populist reform programs
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Populists
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Party formed in 1892 from Farmers' Alliance, did surprisingly well
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The Populist Constituency
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Populism appealed mainly to suffering small farmers, failed to attract labor support, did attract miners (due to free silver policy)
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Panic of 1893
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Caused by bankruptcy of few corporations that led to bank failure, led to credit contraction. Showed how dependent economy was on powerful RRs
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Jacob Coxey
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Populist that called for massive public works program for unemployed and currency inflation
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Coxey's Army
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Protesters in D.C. following Coxey's ideas
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Bimetal Standard
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Discontinued in 1873
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
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increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month, Cleveland wanted to repeal it in 1893 which split Dem party
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Silverites
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Saw gold standard as tyrannous and advantageous to wealthy, silver would decrease debt
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William Jennings Bryan
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Opposed gold Standard, populist nominee for 1896 election
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Cross of Gold Speech
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Speech given by William Jennings Bryan opposing gold standard
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The Conservative Party
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Republicans, ?
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McKinley
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Won 1896 election, repub,
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Currency Act of 1900
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Confirmed nation's gold standard
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Gold Bugs
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Supporters of the gold standard
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Social Darwinism
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only fittest nations survive
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Josiah Strong
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Wrote "Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis" stated Anglo-Saxon race represented liberty and Christianity, USA should spread them
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John Burgess
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Wrote that duty of USA was to uplift less fortunate people
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Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan
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Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" stated US needed stronger naval presense
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James Blaine
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Sec of State that sought to expand US influence in Latin America, organized Pan-American Congress
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Hawaii
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Desired by US b/c Navy wanted Pearl Harbor as a base
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Queen Liliokalani
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Last Hawaiian monarch yielded her authority to the United States Government rather than to the Provisional Government
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Samoa
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Served as station for US ships in Pacific trade
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Cuba
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Resisted Spanish rule, fought for independence violently in 1895
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Valeriano Weyler
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Spanish leader against Cuban revolt, used harsh tactics
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Pulitzer
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Created NY World
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Hearst
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Created NY Journal
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yellow journalism
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a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers
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DeLome Letter
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Leaked letter from Spanish Minister to Washington naming McKinley "bidder of the crowd"
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The Maine
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US battleship destoyed, Spain initially blamed, caused US to go to war with Spain
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John Hay
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Secretary of State who called Spanish-American War a "splendid little war"
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The Philippines
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Spanish colony
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Sec of Navy, strengthened Pacific Fleet and ordered an attack on Spanish forces in Philippines
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Commodore George Dewey
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Ordered by Roosevelt to attack Spanish forces in Philippines
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Battle for San Juan Hill
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Part of the battle for Cuba
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Rough Riders
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had famous charge at Battle of Kettle Hill
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Colonel Theodore Roosevelt
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Led the Rough Riders
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Puerto Rico
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Territory given to US by Spain at end of war
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Foraker Act
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Created colonial govt with american governor in Puerto Rico
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Jones Act
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Made Puerto Rico US territory and Puerto Ricans US citizens
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Treaty of Paris
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Ended war w/ Spain in 1898. US paid $20 milion for Philippines
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Anti-Imperialist League
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opposed imperialism b/c its immoral, industrial workers feared cheap labor
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William Jennings Bryan
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Ran against McKinley in 1900 election and lost, anti-imperialist
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Philippine War
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Long, bloody war w/ insurgent Philippine independence fighters
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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Led Philippine rebellion
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William Howard Taft
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believed US mission to prepare Filipinos for independence
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Open Door Policy
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Proposed to Eur nations allowing access to China but give no nation special advantages
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Boxer Rebellion
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Arose against foreigners in China
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Elihu Root
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Sec of War appointed by McKinley to overhaul US military forces
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