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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why was John Tyler on the ticket as VP?
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-only on ticket to attract democrats (anti-Jacksons)
-after Harrison's death, whigs assumed he would sit back and let them control everything |
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What happened when Tyler was elected?
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-Tyler took charge of presidency and actually disagreed with many whig programs
-did not appoint a new VP -vetoed bill to recharter National Bank -he was expelled from the whig party -all of cabinet resigned except for Daniel Webster |
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Why did Webster not resign?
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he was working on a the Webster-Ashburton Treaty with Britain
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty
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??
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Sources of tension between US and Britain
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Caroline Incident
Creole Incident |
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Caroline Incident
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-residents in east Canada revolted against Britain
-rebels chartered an american steamship, the Caroline, to bring them food and other supplies to Canada through the Niagra Falls -British capture the ship, burned it, and killed an American |
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Creole Incident
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-An American ship was transporting slaves from Virginia to New Orleans
-slaves mutinied, took control, and sailed to the Bahamas -British men in Bahamas freed the slaves |
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Manifest Destiny
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-"white man's burden"
-spreading of beliefs, religion, etc. -Americans felt that they wouldn't be truly unified until they were spread from sea to sea |
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What factors contributed to American expansion in thee 1840s?
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Manifest Destiny
Goldrush |
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Oregon Fever
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American desire to get to Oregon for resources
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What four nations originally had claims to Oregon Country?
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Russia, Spain, US, and Britain
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What were most American's demanding by 1845?
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Oregon
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Why did Polk settle the Oregon dispute
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There was a looming threat of war with Mexico
-decides to settle the boundary of Oregon at the 54 40 and 49 parallels |
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What was the main issue in the presedential election of 1844?
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whether or not to annex Texas
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Candidates of election of 1844
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Henry Clay vs. Polk
-Clay was a Whig; Polk a Democrat -there was a third party (the Liberty Party) -Polk won :: elected because he hadn't cause any problems (had no enemies yet |
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dark horse
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an underdog
-someone who unexpectedly wins |
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What did John Tyler do in response to Polk's election?
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annexed Texas
-Tyler interpreted Polk's victory as encouragement -inresponse, Mexico broke off diplomatic ties with US -Mexico declared that the Texas border was the Nueces River -Texans said it was the Rio Grande |
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Slidell Mission
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John Slidell is sent to Mexico with an offer of $25 million dollars to give up California and New Mexico
-Mexico won't even accpet them |
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Immediate cause of Mexican war
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Mexicans attacked Americans stationed at Rio Grande River
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Mexican name for Mexican War
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War of American Invasion
-Mexico considered the Texan boundary the Nueces River Therefore, when American soldiers were stationed at the Rio Grande, Mexico saw that as an invasion into Mexico |
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According to President Polk, what caused the war?
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American blood was spilled on American soil
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What was the Mexican War critically referred to as?
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Americans called it "Mr. Polk's War"
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Spot Resolution
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Abraham Lincoln challenged Polk to prove that the bloodshed occurred on Ame. soil.
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Wilmot Priviso
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David Wilmot proposed that any territory acquired from Mexico would remain free
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Three theaters of the Mexican War
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Mexico
New Mexico California |
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Stephen Kearny
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traveled the Santa Fe Trail and captured Santa Fe
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John C. Freemont
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-explorer
-led the Bear Flag Revolt -Americans in California staged a revolt led by Freemont -crushed the Mexican resistance before Kearney even got there |
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Hero of Buena vista
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Zachary Taylor
-"old, rough, and ready" -defeated Mexico in Battle of Buena Vista -he was quickly becoming popular and Polk wanted to reduce competition so he pulled Taylor out of the main war and ensuing negotiations |
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Winfield Scott and the Halls of Montezuma
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Polk sends Scott to Mexico from where he was stationed in New Orleans
-Scott and his army had to move against Mexico City -it was a 300 mile uphill march |
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Treaty of Guadalupe
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1. Mexico ceded California and New Mexico (Mexican Cession)
2. US paid Mexico 15 mill and paid off their debts to US 3. Mexico relinquished all claims of Texas and agreed that the Rio Grande was the official boundary of Texas |
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Consequences of Mexican War
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-13000 Americans died (most from disease)
-America grew almost a third in size -Latin Americans saw us as the northern bully -American relations with Mexico grew sour |
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When and where was gold first discovered in California?
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1848
- Sutter's Mill -Sutter owned a wooden mill -his employees would go to the stream for water and notice shiny gold things |
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When did California apply for statehood and why?
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1849
-with the gold rush, tons of people were migrating to California -California needed law and order to control the people |
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Why did California's application for statehood cause a dilemma?
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at the time, there were 15 free states and 15 slave states
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Presidential Election of 1848
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Polk decides not to seek re-election due to severe stomach issues
-Lewis Cass : democrat nominee -Zachary Taylor : whig VP : Millard Fillmore -Martin van Buren : free soil party *Taylor wins |
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What issues confronted newly elected Taylor?
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1. California's application for statehood
2. Texas and New Mexico were feuding over the western boundary of Texas 3. Washington DC wanted to abolish slavery b/c having slavery in the capitol made it seem like all of America approved of it/ had it 4. Southerners want stricter fugitive slave laws |
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Compromise of 1850
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-proposed by Henry Clay
1. California goes in as a free state 2. Texas will yield and drop boundary issue ; they are to be compensated with 10 mil 3. Slave trade will be abolished in DC 4. stricter fugitive slave law - those who dont follow are fined and imprisoned 5. popular sovereignty will dictate slavery status of the rest of the states from mexico -Taylor's tragic death leads to both sides accepting -North benefits the most |
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The New Party and its Leaders
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The republican party came about as a one idea party : anti-slavery
-Abe Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Charles Sumner, Thasdeus Stevens, Edwin Stanton, William Seward, Stephen Douglas |
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Presidential Election of 1852
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-marks the end of the whig party (Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun are now all dead)
-party is spitting over slavery Winfield Scott vs. Franklin Pierce Scott - whig : last ever whig candidate Pierce - democrat : doe face *Pierce wins |
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doe face
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pro southern northerner
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Gadsden Purchase of 1853
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-talk of transcontinental railroad
-negotiate with Mexico to get a small strip of land to build rail road on -Gadsden negotiated and created the Gadsden Purchase : 10 mil for small strip -construction never happens |
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Ostend Manifesto
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1. several ministers (foreign ambassadors) met in Ostend, Belgium
-came up with a proposal for Spain that they would pay 120 mil for Cuba -Ame. threatened that if Spain refused they would take it by force : Spain still refused -this top secret negotiation is leaked -Northerners are appalled at what the south will go through to add slave states *increased tension and undercurrent between north and south |
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Abolitionist Movement
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Harriet Tubman: underground railroad
Fred Douglas: newspaper : The North Star William Loyd Garrison: antislavery newspaper : The Liberty -liberty laws forbid officials from assisting in the capture and return of slaves Harriet Beacher Stow: Uncle Tom's Cabin -300,000 copies sold -moved people to hate slavery |
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Who was president when trade was opened with Japan? Who opened up trade?
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Filmore; Matthew Perry
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"So your the little lady who started this great war?"
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Abe Lincoln to Harriet Beacher Stow
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Stephen Douglas
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-had aspirations for presidency
-Illinois senator -wants to make a name of himself -devises a reckless schemes; doesn't care about union -wants the 1st transcontinental railroad to by in the middleand go through Chicago -most of it would have gone through empty lands |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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proposal to organize the unorganized territory
-popular sovereignty is to determine slave status of state -North and south like this North : no slave owners in kansas South: all ow pop sov |
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Lecompton Constitution
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Pierce was pro south
-ansures that Kansas will be a slave state -rejected by people's votes -Kansas enters union as free |
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Election in Kansa to decide slave status
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pro-slavery people send a bunch of ppl into Kansas to vote
-there ends up a majority vote for slave state -anti slavery and pro slavery factions split in Kansas and create 2 governments Anti Slavery is based in Lawerence Pro Slavery is in Potawatomie Creek *fraudulant : the people who voted didnt actually live in Texas |
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John Brown
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fanatical antislavery person who believes he was sent by God to rid the earth of slavery
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Sack of Lawerence
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proslavery sacks city of Lawerence
-no one killed or injured -just damaged property |
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Potawatomie Massacre
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Brown lead an attack on proslavery ppl
-Brown was upset with Lawerence b/c they didnt resist -he went in with swords and hatchets and killed 5 ame. |
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Kansas nickname
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bleeding kansas
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The Crime Against Kansas
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charles sumner, MA senator
-he attacks the southern proslavery senators -singled out Andrew Butler : he had a speec impediment, everyone liked and respected him -Charles mocks Butler and Butlers nephew, Preston Brooks beats him almost to death |
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Presidential Election of 1856
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rupublican nominates John C. Freemont
-democrats nom. James Bucanan -know nothing party : Filmore -Bucanon wins |
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fire eaters
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southerners who threatened to suceed from union if a republican was elected
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Panic of 1857
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1. California Gold rush caused inflated currency
2. over expansion of credit and land 3. failure of Ohio life insurance comp. 4. war in Britain |
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Who was hardest hit by panic?
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north
-blamed depression on low tariffs and foreign competition South walks away thinking they have a superior economy |
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Dread-Scott v. Sanford
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-Dread was a slave owned by an army surgeon
-he traveled with the surgeon and lived in Illinois for 5 years -abolitionists convinced him to sue owner on the grounds that once you've lived in a free state, slaves are free -Roger Taney, a slave owner judge appointed by Jackson, declared that Dread was not a citizen of US and didnt even have the right to sue |
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Historical Significance of Lincoln-Douglas debates
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Lincoln was a poor boy born in a log cabin
-wanted the senate seat so he challenged Douglas -they had a series of open debates -Lincoln knew that Douglas was well known and having debates with Douglas boosted Lincoln's rep -Lincoln actually was very good but Douglas won |
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Freeport Doctrine
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Loncoln asked Douglas what he planned to keep slavery from spreading
- Douglas replied that the people of a territory can stop slavery by not passing laws to protect slave owners |
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John Brown pt 2
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-he and his followers plan a rebellion
-they seize a federal arsenal and went around to plantations and gave slaves weapons -Robert E. Lee was sent to capture Brown -Brown was charged with treason, tried, and hanged : he is considered an martyr to the north |
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Presidential Election of 1860
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hinged war or peace
-democrats had 2 candidates Stephen douglas : supporter of pop sov John c. Breckinridge -republicans Abe Lincoln : won by 39% due to deparation of demo party -anti slavery, protariff, pro homestead |
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How did the south react to lincoln's election
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south carolina called a special convention and adopted the ordinance of Secession
-6 weeks later, 6 more states left : TX. LA, MS, AL, GE, FL |
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Crittenden Compromise
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John Crittenden proposed an amendment that we should just adopt slavery wherever it goes
-Abe Lincoln REJECTED |