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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 types of tissues?
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epithelial
muscle nervous connective |
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4 possible physical states of tissues?
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solid, semisolid, liquid
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Characteristics of epithelial tissues (ECM, nerve supply, blood supply)
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small amount of ECM
nervous no direct blood supply |
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Name the shapes of epithelial cells
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cuboidal, squamous, columnar, transitional
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Classify epithelial cells by layer type
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simple
stratified pseudostratified |
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Classify epithelial cells by function
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barrier (covering or lining)
glandular (secretion and absorption) |
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Where are cuboidal epithelial cells found?
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ovaries, kidneys
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Where are squamous epithelial cells found?
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lips, cervix
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Where are columnar epithelial cells found?
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respiratory system, digestive tract, female reproductive system
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Where are transitional epithelial cells found?
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urinary bladder
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Where are simple epithelial cells found?
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kidneys, alveoli, blood vessels
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What is the main function of cuboidal epithelial cells?
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secretion and absorption, may have microvilli
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What is the main function of squamous epithelial cells?
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rapid diffusion
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What is the main function of columnar epithelial cells?
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protect tissues, may have cilia, microvilli
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Where are stratified epithelial cells found?
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dorsum of tongue, hard palate, esophagus
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Where are pseudostratified epithelial cells found?
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trachea, respiratory system
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What is the main function of simple epithelial cells?
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diffusion, secretion, absorption, osmosis, filtration
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Does connective tissue have nerve and blood supply?
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yes, except for cartilage
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Name the functions of connective tissue?
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storage of energy
protection of organs structural framework for the body |
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What are the main components of connective tissue?
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ECM, fibres, cells
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What are the two main components of the ECM?
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ground substance, fibres
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what are the possible states of ground substance?
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fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, calcified
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What are the three fibre types?
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collagen, elastic, reticular (fine mesh)
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What embryonic cells give rise to connective tissues?
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mesenchymal cells
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What cells are commonly found in connective tissue?
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fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes
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What are the 5 types of mature connective tissues?
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loose, dense, cartilage, bone, liquid
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Areolar and adipose tissues fall into which category of connective tissues?
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Loose
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What are the three types of dense connective tissues? Give examples
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regular (tendons), irregular (dermis), and elastic (lung tissue, arteries)
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What are the three types of cartilage? Give an example of each
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hyaline (ribs, nose, trachea)
fibrocartilage (intervertebral, meniscus of the knee) elastic (epiglottis, external ear) |
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What are the two types of bone?
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spongy, compact
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Name the liquid connective tissues
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blood, lymph
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What are the differences between connective and epithelial cells?
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epithelial tightly packed
epithelial don't connect stuff together epithelial has small amount of ECM epithelial are organised into layers epithelial are avascular |
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What are the three types of muscle tissues? Give an example of each
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skeletal, biceps femoris
cardiac, heart smooth, intestines, iris, urinary bladder |
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Which muscle types are striated?
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Skeletal and cardiac
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Which muscle types are mononucleated?
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Cardiac and smooth
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What attaches cardiac muscles to each other?
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intercalcated discs
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What word describes the shape of smooth muscle cells?
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spindle
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What are the four properties of muscle tissue?
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extensibility
excitablility elasticity contractility |
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What two cell types are classified as nervous tissue?
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nerves
glia |
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Receptors are sensitive to which stimuli?
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heat/cold, light/dark, pressure
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Name the parts of a neuron
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soma, dendrites, axon, synaptic branches, synaptic bulbs,
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Name the neuron types
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afferent, efferent, interneurons
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Name the types of neuroglia
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astrocytes
oligodendrocytes microglia ependymal cells |
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What are the two types of glands?
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endocrine and exocrine
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Give an example of exocrine cells
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goblet cells
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Where do endocrine glands secrete their product[s]?
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directly into interstitial fluid which diffuses into the bloodstream
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Which organs have both types of glands?
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pancreas, ovaries, testes
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Name the major endocrine glands
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pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testis
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Name the major exocrine glands
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mammary, liver, bile duct, pancreatic duct
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What do endocrine glands secrete? Exocrine glands?
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hormones
digestive juices, other products |
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What are the four types of membranes?
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Mucosa, serous, cutaneous and synovial
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What are the functions of mucosa?
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pathogen trap
gas exchange nutrient absorption |
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Mucosa lines a cavity that opens _____________________.
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directly to the exterior
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Where are mucous membranes found?
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nostrils, mouth, lips, eyelids, ears, genital area, anus
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What are the function of the epithelial layer of mucosa?
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barrier (esp. microbes)
no leaking (tight junctions) mucous (goblet cells) digestion (enzymes) |
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What is the purpose of areolar connective tissue (lamina propria) in a mucous membrane?
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supports and binds epithelium, protection, vascular source
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Serosa lines a cavity _________________________.
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that does not open to the exterior
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Name organs protected by serosa
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lungs, heart, stomach, intestines
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What does a serous membrane consist of?
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areolar connective tissue
mesothelium |
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what does mesothelium secrete?
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serous fluid
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What are the layers of a serous membrane?
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parietal - lines cavity
visceral - lines organ |
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Which membrane type lacks an epithelial layer?
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synovial
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What does a synovial membrane consist of?
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synoviocytes, which secrete some of the components of synovial fluid
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Superficial skin is called?
Deeper skin is called? |
epidermis
dermis |
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What type of membrane is skin?
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cutaneous
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