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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An accumulation of water in the tissues is known as...
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Edema
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An abnormal decrease of water in the tissues is referred to as...
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Dehydration
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The Kidneys are said to be _______________, because they lie behind the peritoneum. This makes them accessible for surgery through the back.
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Retroperitoneal
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The right (Patient Right) kidney is slightly _____ in the abdomen because the liver takes up space on the body's right side.
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Lower
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The kidneys are heavily supplied with blood, which means they are extremely ________.
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Vascular
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A pair of properly functioning kidneys will filter approximately __% of the body's total blood volume, on any given day.
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Ten (10)
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The kidneys precisely regulate the body's ___________ levels.
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Electrolyte
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The kidneys act as a _____________ to prevent drastic or extreme changes in the blood pH levels. They do this by eliminating acids into the urine and excreting acids bound to chemical buffers.
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Buffer system
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Urine is approximately ____ times more acidic than blood because of the kidney's ability to excrete acids into the urine
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one thousand (1000)
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The kidney is divided into two parts, the outer portion called the ____________, and the inner portion called the _____________.
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Renal cortex (outer), renal medulla (inner)
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The functional units of the kidneys are located in the renal cortex and are called _______. They are the cells that FORM urine.
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Nephrons
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The ____________ acts as a collecting funnel to move urine from the kidneys into the ureters.
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Renal pelvis
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The cup like extensions which receive urine from the collecting tubules.
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Calyces (singular: Calyx)
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Approximately how many nephrons are located in each kidney?
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One million
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The _________ is a tiny cluster of capillaries located at one end of each nephron. It is partially enclosed by a funnel shaped structure called _____________.
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Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule
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The _________ has three layers of tissues which allow waste products to pass and restrict RBCs and blood proteins. The capillaries loop the remaining blood products back into the bloodstream
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Glomerulus
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This receives the waste products from the glomerulus in diluted form
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Bowman's capsule
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The blood vessel leading into the glomerulus is much larger than the one looping back out and is called the...
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Afferent arteriole
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The blood vessel leading out of the glomerulus is much smaller than the one leading in and is called the...
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Efferent arteriole
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The convoluted tube exits Bowman's capsule and is divided into three sections, they are...
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The proximal convoluted tube (PCT), the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tube (DCT).
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The filtrate leaves the DCT and flows into the _________________.
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Collecting tubule
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The kidneys secrete two hormones which are...
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Renin and Erythropoietin
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The hormone secreted by the kidneys that influences blood pressure is...
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Renin
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The hormone secreted by the kidneys that influences red blood cells is...
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Erythropoietin
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Renin stimulates the formation of _____________, which converts to _____________ in the presence of special enzymes which raises blood pressure by causing the vessels to constrict.
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Angiotensin 1, Angiotensin 2
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Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete ___________, which promotes sodium retention and water retention through osmosis.
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Aldosterone
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Angiotensin 2 stimulates the neurohypophysis to release ______________ hormone which increases the reabsorbtion of water in the kidneys, thereby decreasing blood volume and lowering BP
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Antidiuretic
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Angiotensin 2 stimulates the thirst center of the ____________ to increase fluid intake and thereby increase blood volume
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Hypothalamus
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The entire process that the secretion of renin by the kidneys initiates is called...
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Renin- angiotensin- aldosterone mechanism (RAA)
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Erythropoietin stimulates the stem cells in the red bone marrow to increase formation of RBCs, this process is called...
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Erythropoiesis
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Renal blood pressure is normally ______ than the rest of the body
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Higher
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Vitamin D is manufactured in the skin in a reaction to ___________ in sunlight. It is not usable until it has been converted by the liver and kidneys.
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Ultraviolet rays
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Vitamin D plays an important role in the absorption of _______ in the gastrointestinal tract
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Calcium
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individuals with renal disease are subject to _______ imbalances due to the fact that the kidneys are no longer able to convert vitamin D to a usable form.
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Calcium
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The capillaries most directly responsible for reabsorption of water, blood sugars, and salts back into the bloodstream.
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Peritubular capillaries
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The efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus and branches to form the ___________ capillaries, which intertwine around the convoluted tube to provide for reabsorption.
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Peritubular
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The peritubular capillaries reabsorb water, salts and sugar through ______ transport, _______ transport, and _______ pressure.
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Active, Passive, Osmotic
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