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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Centriole
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Organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters. Form the bases of cilia and flagella.
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Centrosome
(cell center) |
Region near the nucleus which houses the centrioles
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Cytoplasm
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Intracellular fluid; cellular material that surrounds the nucleus and is enclosed by the plasma membrane.
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Golgi appartus
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Packages protein secretions for export, packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes.
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Lysosome
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Used for degradation; sites of intracellular digestion.
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Microvilli
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Increases the surface area for absorption.
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Mitochondria
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Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell.
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Nuclear membrane
(Nuclear envelope) |
Bilayer that covers the nucleus; regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus.
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Nucleolus
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Where ribosomes are assembled.
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Nucleus
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Control center where DNA is made.
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Nucleoplasm
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A jelly-like fluid that encloses the nuclear envelope; contains dissolved salts, nutrients, and other essential solutes.
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Pinocytotic vesicle
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Brings in a small portion of the extracellular fluid or ions
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Plasma membrane
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Wall of the cell composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.
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Ribosome
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Where protein is synthesized
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Cristae
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Final piece of the electron transport chain.
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Makes all the proteins secreted from cell and modifies it.
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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1. Lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and synthesis of the lipid components of lipoproteins (in liver cells)
2. Synthesis of steriod-based hormones. 3. Absorption, synthesis,and transport of fats (in intestinal cells) 4. Detoxification (in liver and kidneys) 5. breakdown of stored glycogen to form free glucose ( in liver cells esp.) |
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Vacuole
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Stores substances.
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Sperm cell
What is the function of the nucleus, flagellum, mitochondria, and acrosome? |
To carry 23 chromosomes to the oocyte for reproduction.
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How does the smooth muscle cell retain its shape?
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By its cyto-skeletal proteins
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How does the size of the neuron compare to the smooth muscle cell?
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The neuron (nerve cell) is larger.
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Nerve Cell body
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central part of the neuron
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Nerve cell processes
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The projections from the nerve cell body
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How long do you think a neuron can be?
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Very long (can extend throughout the entire body).
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Plasma
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Fluid that blood cells are suspended in.
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Why is the red blood cell (erythorocyte) thin in the middle?
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Best for oxygen attachment and detachment to hemoglobin.
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What is the function of the red blood cell (erthrocyte)?
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Transport
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White blood cell (leucocyte)
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Primary function is immunity; this cell is larger than the erythorocyte and is much less numerous. It has a nucleus and it's shape is circular.
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What is the function of the ciliated cells?
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Movement in a uniform way.
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What do goblet cells contain?
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Mucus to trap the debris the cilia is moving off.
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Cytokinesis
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completes the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. Occurs as a contractile ring of actin microfilaments forms the cleavage furrow and pinches the cell apart.
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Interphase
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The period from cell formation to cell division.
Subphases: G1 (growth), S (growth and DNA synthesis), and G2 (growth and final preparations for division). |
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G1 (Growth) Phase
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The centrioles begin replicating and growth is occurring.
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G0 Phase
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Cells that permanently cease dividing.
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S (growth and DNA synthesis) phase
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DNA is replicated; also has growth and DNA synthesis.
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G2 (growth and final preparations for division) phase
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Enzymes and other proteins needed for division are synthesized and moved to their proper sites. Centriole replication is complete and the cell is now ready to divide.
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Prophase
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The first stage of mitosis, consisting of coiling of the chromosomes accompanied by migration of the two daughter centrioles toward the poles of the cell, and nuclear membrane breakdown.
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Centromere
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A small constricted region that holds the sister chromatids together.
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Kinetochores
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Special protein structures at each chromosome's centromere.
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Metaphase
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Second stage of mitosis. Two centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell. The chromosomes cluster at the middle of the cell.
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Anaphase
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Third phase of Mitosis I and II in which daughter chromosomes move toward each pole of a cell. The chromosomes look V shaped as they move.
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Telophase
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The final phase of mitosis; begins when migration of chromosomes to the poles of the cell has been completed and ends with the formation of two daughter nuclei.
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
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Cell division
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Which cells of the body constantly undergo mitosis?
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Epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and bone marrow.
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Are there cells in the body that do not undergo mitosis?
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Yes, neurons in the brain, cardiac muscles, and skeletal muscles.
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When does DNA replication occur?
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Interphase (S phase)
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When does cleavage furrow occur?
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In anaphase but to see it clearly it would be in telophase.
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When do centrosomes move to opposite poles?
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Prophase
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When do chromosomes move to opposite poles?
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Anaphase
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When does the nuclear membrane disappear?
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Prophase
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When do chromosomes align on the equitorial plate?
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Metaphase
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Is interphase a phase of mitosis?
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No
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Mitosis
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Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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