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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 functions of the respiratory system?
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Gas exchange
Sound production Sense of smell |
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What is another word for voicebox?
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Larynx
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What does the hard palate allow you to do?
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Allows you to breath and chew simultaneously
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glottis
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opening for air on the trachea
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epiglottis
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covers the glottis when swallowing so that food does not enter wrong pipe
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What keeps the trachea open?
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C-chaped hyaline cartilage
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What is the trachea lined with?
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells and cilia
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What does the trachea branch into?
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Bronchi, which then branches into primary, secondary, tertiary, etc. bronchi on each side
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hilium
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dent in an organ that tubes go in and out of
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How many lobes does each have:
Right lung? Left lung? |
Right lung = 3 lobes
Left lung = 2 lobes |
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Fill in the blank.
Terminal bronchiole --> _______ --> Alveoli |
Repiratory brochiole
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conducting zone vs. respiratory zone
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conducting - area where we move air
respiratory - gas exchange between air and blood |
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What are 4 reasons why lungs don't collapse?
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1. Hard skull keeps nasal cavities, pharyx, and bronchi open
2. Trachea has cartilage rings 3. Lungs surrounded by pleura 4. Surfactant |
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pneumothorax
What usually follows pneumothorax? |
air in the pleura
Atelectasis |
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atelectasis
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collapsed lung
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surfactant
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reduces adhesion and cohesion of water molecules found on alveolar surfaces
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Pneumocyte I
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make up alveolar wall
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Pneumocyte II
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produce surfactant
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law of diffusion of gases
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if they can, gasses will move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
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Boyle's law
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relates pressure w/ volume; as pressure goes up, volume goes down & vice versa
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Dalton's law of partial pressures
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in a mixture of gases, each gas will exert a part of the total pressure equal to its amount
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Henry's law
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deals with gases moving in and out of liquids; gases will follow rule of diffusion
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Use of what law allows humans to control ventilation?
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Boyle's law
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What is your primary respiratory muscle?
What also helps? |
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles |
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External respiration is better known as...
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Pulmonary gas exchange
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Internal respiration is better known as...
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Systemic gas exchange
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Why do we move blood from right ventricle to lungs?
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Get O2 and dump CO2
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Why do we move blood from left ventricle to body?
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Send O2 and pick up CO2
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What percent of O2 in blood is bound to hemes?
What is this called? |
98%
Oxyhemoglobin |
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23% of blood CO2 is ____________.
They ride on _______. |
carbaminoHb
protein arms |
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7% of blood CO2 is dissolved in ________.
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plasma
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70% of blood CO2 is carried as ____.
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HCO3- (bicarbonate)
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What enzyme is responsible for this:
CO2 + H20 --> <-- H2CO3 |
carbonic anhydrase
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What is H2CO3 called?
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Carbonic acid
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tuberculosis
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highly contagious infection of the lungs
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tracheostomy
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tube is inserted to permit airflow to trachea via incision
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COPD
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progress disorder of the airways that restricts airflow and reduces alveolar ventilation
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cystic fibrosis
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inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus
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emphysema
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chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and inability to tolerate physical exertion
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mountain sickness
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altitude sickness that is caused by combination of hypoxia and lower atmospheric pressure
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decompression sickness
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occurs when an individual experiences sudden change in pressure
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anthracosis
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caused by inhalation of coal dust; aka "black lung disease;
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pleurisy
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an inflamed pleura characterized by fever, painful and difficult breathing, and a short dry cough
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Haldene effect
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Deoxygenation of the blood increases its ability to carry carbon dioxide
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chloride shift
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exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and chloride (Cl-) across the membrane of red blood cells
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respiratory/lung compliance
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how easily the lungs can expand or contract
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The great the lung compliance, ________.
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the easier it is to fill and empty lungs.
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The lower the lung compliance, ___________.
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the harder it is to fill and empty lungs; a greater force is required.
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What connects each tracheal cartilage?
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Trachealis muscle
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