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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Conservatism
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appealed to upper classes and peasants wwho were frightened by the violence and terror of French Revolution
Bourgeoisie posed biggest threat to conservatism Burke's "Reflections" most famous defense of conservatism |
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Carlsbad Diet
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1819 Metternich calls together this
Carlsbad Decree: materials that advocated unification were censored Liberals driven underground |
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Decembrist Umprising
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Jnior military officers of Russia wanted constitutional government, prevent Nick from taking power
Crushed |
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Liberalism
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first major theory in Western thought, saw individual as self sufficient, freedom and well being sole reason for existence in society
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Ricardo
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Iron Law of Wages
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Iron Law of Wages
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Ricardo
wages will rise ONLY to substinence level |
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Ulititarianism
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Jeremy Bentham
utility of any law or institution should be based on whether it provides "Greatest good for greatest number" supported poor laws |
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On Liberty
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John Stuart Mill
Absolute freedom of opinion should be protected from censorship and tyranny of majority |
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Nationalism
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cultural self unity, government
common beliefs caused by comon language, history, etc French Rev, Napoleonic Wars |
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Greek Revolution
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1821-1829
Enland, France, Russia join greeks to defeat Egyptian, Ottoman forces (because of religion) |
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Eastern Question
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who would fill void when Ottomans (Sick old man of Europe) lost European territory?
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Treaty of Adrianople
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Greek autonomy recognized after Russians defeateed Ottomans
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Louis Philippe
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Bourgeoisie king of France, led them in July Revolution of 1830
Led constitutional monarchy: Orleans family France now controlled by bourgeosis bankers/businessmen |
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Guiseppe Mazzini
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Italy
Carbonari advocated nationalism He led secret revolutionary society known as Young Italy which was crushed |
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Tories
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Liberal English political faction
Reform minded |
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Whig
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Egnlish political group
Earl Grey is one |
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Earl Grey
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British Prime MInister 1830
support from middle class doubled franchise from 6 to 12 percent |
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Corn Laws
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repealed in 1846
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Anto-Corn Law LEague
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formed by Richard Cobden and John Bright and argued for lower food prices
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Revolutions of 1848
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Only Brits, Russians avoided upheavals
Neither conservatives nor liberals gained final upper hand End of serfdom in Austriia and Germany, universal male suffrage in France Parliaments in some German sstates, unification movement in ITaly |
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Second French Republic
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led by Lamartine (liberal allied bourgeosise)
Emerged from February Revolution in France Louis Blanc socialist leader demanded work for unemployed national workshops craeted other reforms |
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Garibaldi
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protected Mazinni (young italy) and Roman Republic
Professional revolutionary Led Red Shirts |
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Louis Kossuth
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Magyar (hungarian) leader
demanded independence Cacech inh Bohemia declared autonomy 3 northern Italian provinces to doo Hungarian armies make it to Vienna (Metternich fled city) Authority restored |
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Magyar
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Led by Louis Kossuth
Hungarians |
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Frakfurt Parliament
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Liberals, nationalist, romantic leaders meet in 1848 and call for elections
Bund to unify for a Constitutional monarchy, Prussian king as king fails |
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Frderick William IV
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Frankfurt Parliament wanted him as their constitutional king
he rejects it, claiming divine right, etc. |
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Humiliation of Olmutz
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Prussia forced to drop plan for German unification, left Austria as dominant state in the Bund
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Romanticism
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emphasis on human emotion, senses, faith
rejected Enlightenment view of nature as prcise harmonious whole Rejected Deism Encouraged personal freedom |
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Sturm and Drang
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storm and stress
Used by German romantics to communicate emotional intensity |
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Hegel
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(and Whilhem?)
German idealist Dialectic: thessis, antithesis, synthesis |
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Dialectic
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Hegel
Thesis: initial idea Antithesis: opposing view, clash Synthesis: hybrid of 2 ideas |
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Wordsworth
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"Tinturn Abbey"
Romantic poet from England |
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Coleridge
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Rim of Ancient Mariner
Brother in law to Wordworth English romantic poet Inflfuenced by Rosseau Ordinary language to idealize simple subjects |
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Lord Byron
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"Don Juan"
"She Walks in Beauty..." Fought in Italy against Austria for Carbonari Died fighting in war for Greek independence |
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Shelley
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"Prometheus Unbound" tells story of revelot of humans against repressive society
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Goethe
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"Faust"
Seemed to criticize excesses of romanticism Fiaust sold his soul to devil to experience every human emotion "Sorrows of Young Werther" Good character, bad circumstances, romantic hero |
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Victor Hugo
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Hunchback of Notre Dame
Les Miserables Romanticism through strange settings, human emotions |
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Eugene Delacroix
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"Liberty Leading the People" (in French Revolution)
Viva la Vida Romantic artists |
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Beethoven
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bridge between classical and romantic music
human voices in symphony (ode to joy) first composers not limited by patronage inner human emotion in music |
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Frederic Chopin
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showcased Polish folk songs and dances
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Franz Liszt
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native Hungarian musician
Hungaian Rhapsody Piano virtuoso (greatest) in mid 19th Century symphonic poem: single movement |
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Antonin Dvorak
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Folk music of Bohemia
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Guiseppi Verdi
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greatest Italian opea composer
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Richard Wagner
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Greatest German Opea composter: German myths, legends, Verdi considered greatest opera composer of 19th Century
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Socialism
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desire for new sense of community
increasing misery of working class republicanism: capitalism, promote selfishness, social fragmentation no broad support for social justice until 19th Century |
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Charler Fourier
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argued for planned economy and socialist communes
described socialist utopia in mathematical detail supported emancipation of women |
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Friedrich Engles
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helped develop Marxism
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Karl Marx
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Marxism
Communist Mannifesto: socialist bible Replace utopian hopes with militant blueprint for working class success by dialectical materialism |
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COmmunist Manifesto
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By Karl Marx
Socialist Bible Dialectical Materialism |
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Dialectical Materialism
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economic interpretation of history
class struggle theory of surplus value extra profit after labor is "stolen" socialism is inevitable classless society "from each according to his abilities to each according to his needs" |