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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atoms that are of the same element but contain different number of neutrons are called: |
Isotopes |
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When an anion and a cation are electrically attracted to each other, ______ is formed. |
An ionic bond |
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Ions with a positive charge are called: |
Cations |
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What is a characteristic of hydrogen bonds? |
Hydrogen bonds can form between adjacent molecules. |
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In a molecule of hydrogen, a pair of elections is shared equally. Such a bond is called a(n) |
Nonpolar Covalent Bond |
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If two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, which type of bond occurs? |
Double Covalent Bond |
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Chlorine atoms have seven electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, one would expect chlorine to form jobs with a charge of: |
-1 |
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The term that applies to all of the decomposition reactions that occur in metabolism is: |
Catabolism |
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Reactions had ultimately result in larger molecules formed from smaller ones called ________. |
Synthesis |
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When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis: |
A condensation reaction occurs |
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Hydrolysis is an example of which type of reaction? |
Decomposition Reaction |
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The reaction N2 + 3H2 > 2NH3 would be an example of a(n): |
Synthesis Reaction |
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Chemical reactions that occur in the human body are catalyze by special protein molecules called: |
Enzymes |
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Chemical reactions that release energy are categorized as: |
Exergonic |
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In an endergonic reaction: |
Energy is consumed during the reaction |
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Which is the mechanism of enzyme functioning? |
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction |
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Which of the following is classified as inorganic? |
Sodium |
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When individual anions or cations interact with the positive or negative ends of polar water molecules breaking bonds apart, what is this process called? |
Ionization |
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A solution containing more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is: |
Acidic |
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Why is it important to precisely regulate the pH of blood of other bodily fluids? |
Hydrogen ions are extremely reactive. |
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If a substance resists changes in pH, either by removing or replacing hydrogen ions, it is called: |
A buffer |
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Which of the following are defined as soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electric current in solutions? |
Electrolytes |
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When placed in solution, an inorganic substance dissociates completely, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This substance would be a |
Strong Acid |
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Functionally, carbohydrates are most important as: |
Sources of energy |
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The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is |
Glucose |
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A class of lipids used as chemical messengers, to signal cells to undergo changes, is called: |
Steroids |
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The group of organic compounds containing mostly carbon and hydrogen with small amounts of oxygen is defined as a(n) |
Lipid |
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The molecule shown in the figure is considered to be the most important metabolic "fuel" in the body. Choose the best category of molecules to which it belongs. |
Monosaccharide |
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A fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds in its carbon chain is said to be: |
Saturated |
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Enzymes |
functions as biological catalysts |
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Proteins are composed of units called |
Amino acids |
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Organic molecules that are part of almost all cell functions are called: |
Proteins |
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Indicate the primary function(s) of the structure shown in the figure. |
A structural component of cell membranes |
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Which of the following can be denatured? |
Enzymes |
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Special clotting proteins that restrict bleeding following an injury to the cardiovascular system are an example of which type of protein function? |
Defense |
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Amino acids contain a central carbon atom adjacent to a(n) _______ group and a(n) _________ group. |
Amino; carboxyl |
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If a polypeptide contains 9 peptide bonds, how many amino acids does it contain? |
10 |
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The nucleic acid DNA is: |
double stranded |
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The molecule DNA contains the unique five-carbon sugar ________. |
Deoxyribose |
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Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA molecules? |
Uracil |
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A DNA nucleotide specifically consists of: |
a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group |
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According to the rules of complementary base pairing, a nucleotide containing the base cytosine would only pair with a nucleotide containing the base: |
Guanine |
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A(n) _____ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large capacity to perform work. |
High-energy |
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The hydrolysis of ATP yields the molecule ___________. |
Adenosine Diphosphate |
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Choose the correct pairing of macromolecule type to its function. |
Carbohydrate - first and major source of energy |
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Phospholipids consist of _________ linked to a non-lipid group by a phosphate group. |
A glycerol and two fatty acids |
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Glucose-based starches are an example of the structure labeled #1. Identify the structure. |
Polysaccharide |
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Identify the structure labeled #5, a component of triglycerides, which is comprised of long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxyl group. |
Fatty Acid |
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Identify the structure labeled #8, which is a building block of proteins. |
Amino Acid |
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What is/are the primary function(s) of the structure labeled #9? |
Template that codes for specific proteins |