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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
electron
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negative particle within an atom (scattered surrounding the nucleus in the electron cloud)
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proton
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positive particle within an atom (located with neutron inside nucleus; represented by atomic number)
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neutron
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neutral particle within an atom (makes up majority of mass of atom; located inside nucleus)
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atomic number
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number of protons (and electrons in a stable atom)
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atomic weight
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number of protons + number of neutrons (essentially the weight of the nucleus)
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isotope
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a molecule with the same atomic number, but a different number of neutrons
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isomer
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a molecule with the same formula but a different structure
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ion
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molecule with + or - charge due to loss or gain of an electron
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electron energy levels
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where electrons are found surrounding nucleus
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available bonds
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how many bonds a molecule can make (how many electrons it has in its valence shell)
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ionic bond
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bond between a cation and an anion
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covalent bond
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sharing of electrons located in valence shell
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non-polar covalent bond
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sides are balanced
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polar covalent bond
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one side delta+, other side delta-
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hydrogen bonds
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a weak attraction between weak positive hydrogen and weak negative oxygen or nitrogen
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molecule
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elements in stable state (two or more atoms)
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compound
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two or more elements
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dehydration synthesis
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OH removed from one monomer, H from another, H2O as a byproduct - monomers form covalent bond
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hydrolysis
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H2O ionizes into OH- and H+, covalent bond linking monomers is broken; OH attaches to one, H to the other
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methyl group
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H
| --C--H | H |
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amino group
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H
/ --N \ H |
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hydroxyl group
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-OH
*this group gives a molecule alcohol propoerties |
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keto group
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O
| | --C--C--C-- *the O doublebonded to C is what makes it a ketone |
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aldehyde group
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O
// --C \ H *this is an aldehyde group only if the carbon is an end carbon |
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carboxyl group
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O
// --C \ OH |
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phosphate group
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O
| O--P=O | O |
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disaccharide
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two monosaccharides
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sucrose
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a disaccharide; common table sugar
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lactose
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a disaccharide; milk sugar
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maltose
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a disaccharide; product of stomach digestion
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lipid
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hydrophobic organic molec. composed of C, H, and O. High H:O ratio.
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fatty acid
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a lipid. 4 to 24 carbon atoms with carboxyl group at one end, and methyl group at other
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triglyceride
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lipid. 3 fatty acids bonded to a 3-carbon alcohol (glycerol)
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steroids
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lipids with 17 carbon atoms arranged in 4 rings
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cholesterol
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a steroid; the parent steroid
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nucleotide
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a nitro. base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
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deoxyribose
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one of two sugars included in a nucleotide (only one of the two can be included)
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ribose
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one of two sugars that can be included in a nucleotide (only one of the two can be)
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ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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long chain of nucleotides; RNA is single stranded and made up of ribose sugar and contains a uracil base
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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long chain of nucleotides; DNA is double stranded and made up of deoxyribose sugars; and contain thyamine base
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