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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
NOTES:
RNA has 1 principle role: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA is single stranded RNA makes copies of DNA, one gene at a time RNA contains the genetic materials ONLY for VIRUSES |
NOTES:
ATP is high energy, ADP is low energy (until a phosphate gets attach and forms ATP) ATP is an unstable, tightly coiled nucleotide, ready to uncoil with tremendous readily usable energy |
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Plasma (Cell membrane)
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fragile outer barrier of a cell that is surrounded or bathed in fluid called INTERSTITIAL FLUID
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Cytoplasm
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gel like material inside the plasma membrane. (around the cytoplasm are the organelles)
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Nucleus
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surrounded by cytoplasm and is the control center for all cell activities. Usually in center of the cell
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Microvilli
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cell membrane that has finger like extensions to increase surface area
ex: intestinal cells |
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Permeable Membrane
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continuous, deliberate, selective, traffic flow through the cell membrane
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Simple Diffusion
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occurs when molecules go from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with no assistance
ex: water |
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Osmosis
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unassisted simple diffusion
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Facilitated Diffusion
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assisted diffusion, occurs when a carrier molecule, usually a protein, transport a molecule through the cell membrane
ex: glucose, oxygen |
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Filtration
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when pressure fluid pressure forces water through a membrane
ex: kidney |
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Active Transport
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requires energy to occur because it works against the concentration of molecules
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Vesicular Transport
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requires energy to occur, and involves transport of large particles and large molecules by 2 methods EXOCYTOSIS and ENDOCYTOSIS
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Cytosol
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a viscous, semi transparent fluid which helps suspend the other elements of the cell
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Organelles
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little organs of the cell which are actually the machinery of the cell
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Inclusions
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NOT functional parts, but include necessary chemical substances that are present for future use
ex: sugars, fats, vitamins, pigments |
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Nucleus
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filled with jelly like fluid call nucleoplasm (which is similar to cytosol)
contains nucleoli, (which manufactures ribosomes) houses dark areas call CHROMATION (which is stored DNA) |
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ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
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a network of tubular membranes found within the cytoplasm
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Cisterne
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fluid filled cavities (tubes)
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Rough ER
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studded with ribosomes and it is the cell's membrane factory, phospholipids are made here as well and other important proteins for cell membrane
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Smooth ER
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continuation of the rough ER and consists of a series of tubules
- the enzymes contained in smooth ER plays no role in protein synthesis |