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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Religion |
A set of beliefs and rituals based on a unique vision of how the world ought to be, often focused on a supernatural power and lived out in community. |
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Martyr |
A person who sacrifices his or her life for the sake of his or her religion. |
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Saint |
An individual considered exceptionally close to God and who is then exalted after death. |
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Sacred |
Anything that is considered holy |
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Profane |
Anything that is considered unholy |
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Ritual |
An act or series of acts regularly repeated over years or generations that embody the beliefs of a group of people and create a sense of continuity and belonging. |
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Rite of Passage |
A category of ritual that enacts a change of status from one life stage to another, either for an individual or for a group. |
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Liminality |
One stage in a rite of passage during which a ritual participant experiences a period of outsiderhood, set apart from normal society, that is key to achieving a new perspective on the past, future and current community. |
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Communitas |
A sense of camaraderie, a common vision of what constitutes a good life, and a commitment to take social action to move toward achieving this vision that is shaped by the common experience of rites of passage. |
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Pilgrimage |
A religious journey to a sacred place as a sign of devotion and in search of transformation and enlightenment |
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Cultural Materialism |
A theory that argues that material conditions, including technology, determine patterns of social organization, including religious principles. |
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Shamans |
Part-time religious practitioners with special abilities to connect individuals with supernatural powers or beings? |
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Magic |
The use of spells, incantations, words, and actions in an attempt to compel supernatural forces to act in certain ways, whether for good or evil. |
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Imitative Magic |
A ritual performance that achieves efficacy by imitating the desired magical result. |
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Contagious Magic |
Ritual words or performances that achieve efficacy as certain materials that come into contact with one person carry a magical connection that allows power to be transferred from person to person. |
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Symbol |
Anything that represents something else. |
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Authorizing Process |
The complex historical and social developments through which symbols are given power and meaning. |
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Class |
A system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society’s resources. |
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Egalitarian Society |
A group based on sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence. |
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Reciprocity |
The exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties. |
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Ranked Society |
A group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are. |
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Redistribution |
A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern. |
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Potlatch |
Elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest |
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Bourgeoisie |
Marxist term for the capitalist class that owns the means of production. |
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Proletariat |
Marxist term for the class of laborers who own only their labor. |
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Prestige |
The reputation, influence, and deference bestowed on certain people because of their membership in certain groups. |
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Life Chances |
An individual’s opportunities to improve quality of life and realize life goals. |
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Social Mobility |
The movement of one’s class position, upward or downward, in stratified societies. |
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Social Reproduction |
The phenomenon whereby social and class relations of prestige or lack of prestige are passed from one generation to the next. |
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habitus |
Bourdieu’s term to describe the self-perceptions, sensibilities, and tastes developed in response to external influences over a lifetime that shape one’s conceptions of the world and where one fits in it. |
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Cultural Capital |
The knowledge, habits and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society. |
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Intersectionality |
An analytic framework for assessing how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patterns of stratification. |
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Income |
What people earn from work, plus dividends and interest on investments, along with rents and royalties. |
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Wealth |
The total value of what someone owns, minus any debt. |
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Health |
The abscence of disease and infirmity, as well as the presence of physical, mental, and social well-being. |
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Illness |
The individual patient’s experience of being unwell. |
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Sickness |
An individual’s public expression of illness and disease, including social expectationsabout how one should behave and how others will respond. |
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Ethnomedicine |
Local systems of health and healing rooted in culturally specific norms and values. |
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Ethnopharmacology |
The documentation and description of the local use of natural substancesin healing remedies and practices. |
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Ethnopharmacology |
The documentation and description of the local use of natural substancesin healing remedies and practices. |
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Biomedicine |
A practice, often associated with Western medicine, that seeks to apply the principles of biologyand the natural sciences to the practice of diagnosing disease and promoting healing. |
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Human Microbiome |
The complete collection of microorganisms in the human body’s ecosystem. |
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Health Transition |
The significant improvements in human health made over the course of the twentieth century that were not, however, distributed evenly across the world’s population. |
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Health Transition |
The significant improvements in human health made over the course of the twentieth century that were not, however, distributed evenly across the world’s population. |
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Critical Medical Anthropology |
An approach to the study of health and illness that analyzes the impact of inequality and stratification within systems of power on individual and group health outcomes. |
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Medical Migration |
The movement of diseases, medical treatments, and entire health-care systems, as well as those seeking medical care, across national borders. |
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Illness Narratives |
The personal stories that people tell to explain their illnesses. |