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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 Factors that make a hominid |
1. Loss of CP3 complex 2. Bipedalism |
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The 1st Hominid? How long ago and defining factor? |
Sahelanthropus tchadensis ; 7 MYA ; A forward position of the foramen magnum |
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What is australopithecine? Characteristics & Nickname |
"Southern Ape" ; small brained bipedal ; cranial capacity = 500cm3 |
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Define the genus "homo" |
- 20% > Australopithecine - parabolic arcade |
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The 2 "gracile" astralopithecus species? |
- afarensis - africanus |
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Astralopithecus afarensis: nickname, height, dental arcade, cranial capacity |
Lucy ; 3 1/2 MYA & ft tall ; V dental arcade ; 404cm3 |
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Australopithecus species? |
1. garhi 2. aethiopicus 3. boisei 4. robustus |
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Who probably made Oldowan tools? |
Homo habilus |
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Homo habilus nickname? |
Handy man b/c of precision grip |
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Homo erectus = cranial capacity & 4 facts |
1. 900cm3 2. 1st hunter/gatherer 3. 1st to leave Africa 4. 1st well developed tool user 5. FIRE! |
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Who is credited with Mousterian tools? |
Neanderthals |
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Ritual burial site for Neanderthals? |
Shanadar Cave |
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Homo floresiensis nickname? |
Hobbits |
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Homo sapiens sapiens--3 main facts |
1. Appear 200,000 YA 2. At same time, huge cultural explosion and change in anatomy 3. Make a living by hunting and gathering until 10,000 YA |
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Natural selection selects for dark skin in tropics to....? |
protect folate levels(UV drains folate) and prevent hypervitaminosis D |
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Natural selections selects for light skin away from equator to....? |
prevent ricketts (too little Vitamin D) |
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Hypodescent laws in Native Americans |
blood quantum laws (EX Must be 1/2 choctaw to be a member of Band of Choctaw Indians) |
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Hypodescent laws in Hispanics |
they can choose what to label themselves |
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Hypodescent laws in African Americans |
one drop rule - mixed race = African American; even one remote black ancestor makes you black |
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What are the 3 races in Japan? |
1. Ainu (indigenous ppl from Japan) 2. Koreans 3. Burakumin (lower caste from Samuri days) |
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Race in Brazil? |
Fluid, have over 500 different races even though they started with same 3 basic races as US, "money lightens" |
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___ had to gather more species when foraging due to decrease in big game available, rise in sea level, etc possibly due to climate change |
Broad Spectrum Revolution |
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Neolithic Revolution literally means |
new stone age |
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Due to Broad Spectrum Revolution, people become ________ which caused a ________ |
sedentary; population increase/population pressure |
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Where did this all start (BSR)? |
Hilly Flank region |
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Domestication only happened ____ times independently in history; ___ NW, ____OW |
7; 3, 4 |
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the domestication of plants and animals is called______________ |
Neolithic Revolution |
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What are "Three Sisters" and where were they used? |
Corn, beans, squash in MesoAmerica |
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What was the original "affluent society"? |
Bushmen of Kalahari |
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_____were the first to leave writing ; was called _________ |
Sumerians ; |
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Paleo Indians are famous for ? |
Clovis point (on end of spear) |
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Which groups had bilateral kinship? |
Bands & States |
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Which groups had unilateral kinship? |
Tribes & Chiefdom |
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What made horticulture successful? |
Fallow periods -- resting of sections of soil while using others to let it replenish; also used slash and burn to put stuff back into soil |
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What made pastorilism successful? |
symbiosis -- the cow and person are 1 basically...continually looking after one another and using all of an animal. |
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Which groups had more than reciprocity? |
Chiefdoms (redistribution) and State (Redistribution and markets) |
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Whats key to success of bands? |
nomads |