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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Porifera
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- sponges
- "pore bearing" - no symmetry - no tissues/organs - no nervous system - filter feed - attach to seafloor or other surface - secretion for defense mechanism - hermaphrodites -reproduces both asexually and sexually |
Sponges
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Cnidaria
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- radial symmetry
- two tissue layers (endoderm and ectoderm) - two shapes: medusa and polyp - medusa: bell shapped with mouth on lower surface - polyps: tube shaped; one end attaches to a surface - sting as defense mechanism and way to catch prey - nervous system: nerve net - hydrostatic skeleton |
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Platyhelminthes
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- invertebrates
- bilateral symmetry - lack coelom - have a brain - open circulatory system - hermaphrodites - segmented on inside by repeating organs |
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Units of Classification (in correct order)
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1. Kingdom
2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species |
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Annelids/Annelida
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- bilateral
- have a coelom - segmented inside and out - eats soil and filters out the nutrients - ceolom regulated by nephridia - closed circulatory system with 5 single-chambered hearts - brain controls nervous system - hydrostatic skeleton - skin is the respiratory surface |
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Mollusca
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- gills if in water, but lungs instead of gills if on land
- bilateral symmetry - mantle - complete digestive system - types: chitons, gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods - chitons probably evolved first - gastropods live on land - bivalves have a two part shell - most have open circulatory system, but cephalopods have closed |
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Nematoda
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Many species (c. 25,000 described)
--> Roundworms • Aquatic, terrestrial •Important parasites (all plants & animals Interesting Phylum : Nematoda have at least one species of nematode) • Most abundant animals in Antarctica • Moult (like arthropods) • Eutelic (fixed number of cells/ species) |
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Arthropoda/Arthropods
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bilateral symmetry
- segmented body - exoskeleton - jointed apendages - sensory specializations: -one or more pairs of eyes -antennae -specialized developmental stages such as metaphorphosis - open circulatory system - complete digestive system - respiratory system changes within groups of arthropods - decentralized nervous system, but have ganglia - very, very diverse - types: chelicerates (horseshoe crabs and arachnids), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters, pill bugs, barnacles), myriapods (millipedes and centipedes), and insects (beetles, ants, butterflies, flies, etc.) |
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Echinoderms
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- deuterostomes
- begin life with bilateral symmetry, but develop to have radial symmetry - have endoskeleton that is right under the skin - non-centralized nervous system - varied digestive tracts - gender differentiated - closed circulatory system - no brain |
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Chordates/Chordata
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- deuterostomes
- most are vertebrates, but some are invertebrates - chordate embryos have: - notochord - a dorsal, hollow nerve chord - gill slits - a tail that extends beyond the anus - bilateral - have coelom - cephalization - segmentation - complete digestive system - closed circulatory system |
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Acoelomate
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Have no body cavity
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Radial vs Bilateral
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Radial symmetry: The quality of having many lines of symmetry that all pass through a central point.
Bilateral symmetry: Arrangement of body parts so that there are distinct left and right halves that mirror each other |
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Cephalization
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Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body.
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Protostome
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Animal whose mouth is formed from its blastopore (everything else).
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Monecious
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Hermaphroditic
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E.g. Chordata
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Example: mammals, birds, lizards, sharks. Dorsal nerve cord, backbone wraps around nerve cord (notocord), post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill slits.
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E.g. Mollusca
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Example: clams, snail, squid. Possess shell, but no skeleton, mantle produces shell, tube feet, radula (tongue with spines)
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E.g. Cnidaria
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Example: anemone, coral, jellyfish. Possess tentacles, stinging cells, one cavity (mouth AND anus), jelly in between layers, marine, no skeleton
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Phylum: Tardigrada
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‘Water bears’ or ‘Moss Piglets’
• Live in fresh water, moss and undergrowth • Capable of surviving extremes (10 years without wa ter) • On final flight of space shuttle Endeavour (May 20 11) Phylum: Tardigrada • Also eutelic (species specific number of cells) |
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Know your Phyla: 5 Criteria
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1. SYMMETRY - what kind?
2. GERM LAYERS - how many? 3. COELOM (body cavity) - present or absent? 4. BLASTOPORE - does it form mouth or anus? 5. SEGMENTATION - present or absent? |
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Importance of the Coelom
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--> Fluid-filled so can be used as internal support
•Separates internal processes from gut The importance of the coelom Coelom • Allows transport of fluids (circulatory and excretory systems) • Provides space for development of internal organs • Enables increased body size |
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Mantle
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Dorsal body wall of mollusc which often forms shell
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Mantle Cavity
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In molluscs, the space between mantle and main body
where gills (or lungs in terrestrial snails) are found |
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Notochord
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A stiff rod of mesoderm found next to the nerve chord in all chordate embryos (and some adults)
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