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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
civil liberties
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limits placed by the government
Bill of rights ( 1-10 amendments) |
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civil rights
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what the government does for you
14th and 15th amendment what government has to do |
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14th amendment
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all rights rooted in the 14th amendment ( equal protection under the law)•
Before 1863 the Constitution protected slavery and made equality impossible in the sense we use the word today. o Dred Scott v. Sandford all persons born or naturalized in the us are citizens due process of law apply bill of rights to state/local government |
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establishment clause
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prohibits the establishment of a church by the national government
(applied to funding regarding school, prayer, teaching evolution vs intelligent design) |
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evolution
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has been outlawed in the past
( Epperson vs. Arkansas it is now unconstitutional) |
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slander
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defamation of character-wrongfully hurting a persons good reputation. The law imposes a general duty to refrain from making a false statement about others
slander= public uttering of a false statement |
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libel
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written
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obscenity
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sexually offensive material
can be found illegal if, an average person finds that it violates contemporary standards the work taken appends a prurient interest in sex the work shows offensive sexual conduct the work lacks artistic or scientific material |
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medicare
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• Created under Johnson
• Pays hospital and physicians’ bills for U.S. residents over age 65. • Medicare is the second largest domestic spending program, after Social Security. |
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medicaid
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• In recent years, the federal government has paid about 55% of Medicaid’s total cost: the states pay the rest.
• The new health-care reform legislation adopted in 2010 will expand the share of the population that is eligible for Medicaid. |
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third party
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insurance ( private) someone paying for your healthcare
Third parties include MediCare, MedicAid, and Private Insurance: Quality is descreased, price increased. |
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plessey vs ferguson
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separate but equal •
Plessy v. Ferguson: equal protection under law is okay if you have separate but equal facilities |
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brown vs board of education
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established that segregation of races in public schools violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
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defacto
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segregation that can occur by means of past socioeconomic factors and residential racial problems
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De jure segregation
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segregation that occurs by means of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. Ex:(make a law that makes it hard for African Americans to obtain a certain level of mortgage loan).
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domestic policy
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• All of the laws, government planning, and government actions that concern internal issues of national importance.
• Simple to complex issues. • Regulatory policies: policy or law that says: “this is what is legal and what is not legal” • Redistributive Policies: aim to transfer incomes from certain individuals from more to less income • Promotional Policies: trying to prevent certain action |
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steps of policy making
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• Agenda Building: congress becomes aware of a situation or problem that requires congressional action.
o May occur as a result of crisis, technological change, or mass media campaigns. • Policy Formulation: various proposals are discussed among government officials and the public. o Discussions may take place in the printed media, on television, and in the halls of congress • Policy Adoption: choosing a specific policy from among the proposals that have been discussed. o This is done so in the legislative branch (longest phase) • Policy Implementation: Government action must be implemented by bureaucrats, the courts, police, and individual citizens. • Policy Evaluation: Groups inside and outside the government conduct studies to determine what actually happens after a policy has been in place for a given period of time. |
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cartels
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an association of producers or consumers of a certain product, formed to manipulate its price on the market. Ex. (OPEC)***
• Coordination of limits on prodution to affect prices. |
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healthcare reform
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Implementing the Policy:
• The health care reform legislation is expected to become effective over an extended period of time. o Bar insurance companies from dropping people when they become ill. o Let the youth remain under parents’ plan until they are 26 o Preexisting conditions o Tax breaks to small businesses that insure their employees o 10% tax on indoor tanning services. |
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why terrorism is effective
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• Psychological nature
• Randomness of the victims • Dramatic nature of the incidents • Terrorists are more willing to violate the norms of the international system. |
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terrorism strategies
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• **Coercion: a strategy that induces policy change by imposing or threatening to impose costs on the target.
• **Provocation: a strategy intended to “provide” the target government into taking a response that alienates moderates in the terrorists’ home society or in other sympathetic audiences. • **Spoiling: intended to sabotage a prospective peace between the target and the moderate leadership from the terrorists’ home society (HAMAS) • **Outbidding: when two terrorist factions compete for support within their home populations o Use attacks in order to demonstrate their capability for leadership and commitment. |
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realism
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• Realism: views states as self-seeking actors in the international realm.
o Political realism: philosophy that sees each nation is only going to act in it’s own interest. The use of force to achieve certain ends. o Calls for a strong national defense |
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liberalism
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• Liberalism (idealism): theory that is positive for the outlook of achieving peace in the international realm.
o Moral idealism: a philosophy that sees nation as willing to cooperate and agree on moral standards for conduct. o Woodrow Wilson and the league of nations (collective security) o United Nations. o ** Could be good bonus 5 members of security council: US, Russia, China, UK, France o International institutions operate by reciprocal contributions and concessions of formally equal members. Optimistic about prospects for cooperation. |