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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is India a continent, subcontinent, or island? |
Subcontinent. |
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What four geographical features isolate India on each side? |
Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, & Himalayan Mountains/Hindu Kush Mountains. |
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What feature allowed invaders to pass through the Hindu Kush Mountains into India? |
The Khyber Pass. |
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What are the three main geographical features of the Indian subcontinent? |
The Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Coastal Plain, and the Deccan plateau. |
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What are the three main rivers of India and on which plain are they located? |
The Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra in the Indo-Gangetic plain. |
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What low-rising twin mountain ranges lie on the eastern and western edges of India's coast? |
Eastern and Western Ghats. |
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What are the monsoons, and at what point of the year do they occur? |
Seasonal winds bringing heavy rainfall, during June - October. |
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What is the holiest river of India? |
The Ganges. |
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What part of India has the densest population? |
The Indo-Gangetic Plain. |
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What were the two cities of the first civilization in India? When were they discovered? |
Harappa and Mahanjo-Daro in 1921. |
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Is much known about the early cities of Harappa and Mahanjo-Daro? |
No. Most of the cities were destroyed for unknown reasons. |
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Who conquered India in 1500-1000 BC, beginning the Vedic Age? |
The Aryans. |
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Where did the Aryans enter India? |
The Khyber Pass. |
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What were Aryan leaders called, a title later adopted throughout India? |
Rahjahs. |
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What is the Vedas? |
The Vedas is the earliest philosophy of India - not yet a religion until it is practiced. |
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What does the word "vedas" mean? |
Wisdom. |
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The Vedas consisted of what? |
Stories. |
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Early Indian people believed what about the creation of the Vedas? |
That the gods gave them ideas and ways to believe. |
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What is reincarnation? |
The rebirth of the soul into a new life. |
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What was India's earliest form of writing and when was it developed? |
Sanskrit around 700 BC. |
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Who began to fight during the Epic Age? |
The Rahjahs of seperate cities. |
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What stories, or "epics", emerged during the Epic Age? What were they mostly about? |
Mahabarata - civil war, righteousness between families Ramayana - a love story, a perfect couple Bhagavad Gita - "The song of the blessed Lord", love, devotion, responsibility The Upanishads - defining Brahman
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What is Brahman? |
A force in all, that created everything, is a part of everything, and has "gods" or "deities" giving examples of it. |
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Between what ages did a shift in beliefs occur? |
The Vedic and Epic Age. |
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Is Hinduism polytheistic? Why? |
No, because although there are gods in Hinduism, they are all only examples of an all powerful force (Brahman) - therefore, Hinduism is a monotheistic religion. |
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Which life are Hindus more concerned with? |
The present life. |
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What is one's aman? |
Their soul.
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What is maya? |
Pain and sorrow due to seperation from Brahman. |
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What is monism? |
The belief that humans and God are the same, whether or not they can see it. |
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When did Hinduism become a practiced religion? |
After the Epic Age. |
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Who are Brahmins? |
Hindu priests.
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What are gurus? |
Personal religious instructions and trainers. |
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What is yoga? |
A practice of Hinduism designed to center you and help you focus. |
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What is puja? |
Prayer in Hinduism. |
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What is the Ganges river believed to do? |
Cleanse you, take away your sins. |
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What are the levels of the caste system? Who were the lowest - outcasts? |
1. Brahmins 2. Kshatriyas 3. Vaishyas 4. Sudras
The outcasts are the Pariah. |
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Was Aryan society patriarchal? |
Yes, meaning it was ruled by men. |
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What were two ancient practices of women who were though of as subordinate? |
Purdah, the exclusion of women, and suttee, when a women would throw herself into the fire where her husband's body was burned after his death. |
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What is another name for Buddhism? |
"The Way of Life". |
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Who invades after the Aryans? |
The Persians.
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Which kingdom of Aryans unite the Aryan tribes after the Persians invade? |
The Magadha.
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The Magadha Kingdom collapses due to what? |
Civil war.
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Who conquers the Persians after they invade? |
Alexander the Greek. |
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What happens to the army of Alexander the Great in India? |
They mutiny, and some stay in India. |
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Who established the Mauryan Empire? |
Chandragupta Maurya. |
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Paliputra was... |
The capital of the Mauryan empire.
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What are some advancements made during the Mauryan empire? |
Collect taxes, improve justice system, divide provinces, increase army size, built roads, created a postal system, created a spy system. |
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What happened to Chandragupta Maurya after he converted to a ____ monk? |
He practiced extreme ahimsa (nonviolence towards animals after converting into a jain monk and starved himself to death. |
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Asoka attacked what large city? |
Kalinga. |
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How many people died from Asoka's attack of Kalinga? |
About 350,000. |
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After seeing the destruction he caused, ____ converted to ____. |
Asoka - Buddhism |
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After converting to Buddhism, Asoka built... |
Stupas (Buddhist temples), roads, and rest stops |
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What Age followed the rule of Asoka? |
The Age of Invasions - invasions by Greeks and Kushians. |
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Chandragupta I founded what empire? |
The Gupta empire. |
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What began after Chandragupta I founded the Gupta empire? |
Peace and prosperity for 200 years - the golden age. |
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Why did Buddhism die out during the Gupta empire? |
Chandragupta I was Hindu and spread his beliefs. |
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Who invades after the Gupta empire? |
The Huns. |
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What are some social changes that occurred during the Golden age of India |
The caste system became more rigid, women's rights further lowered. |
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What is polygamy/polygyny? |
When a husband has multiple wives. |
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What caves are great examples of the excellent artwork of ancient India? |
The Ellora Ajanta Caves. |
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What were some advancements in Medicine and Technology during the Golden Age of India? |
Improved medicine skills, better metal tech (low grade steel), advanced math (basis of algerbra), architecture, and astronomy (seven planets - moon not a planet). |