Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what forms the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
|
middle 1/3 of clavicle (inferiorly)
posterior edge of SCM (anteriorly) anterior edge of trapezius (posteriorly) |
|
what is at the apex of the posterior triangle of the neck?
|
superior nuchal line of occipital bone
|
|
what forms the roof and floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?
|
roof - investing layer of deep cervical fascia
floor - prevertebral fascia |
|
what are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoideus (SCM)?
|
mastoid process of temporal bone
medial 1/3 of clavicle sternum (manubrium) |
|
what innervates the SCM?
|
accessory nerve (CN XI)
|
|
what are the actions of the SCM?
|
bilateral contraction - flexes head
unilateral contraction - turns head contralaterally, & extends head accessory muscle of respiration |
|
what does the accessory nerve innervate first?
|
SCM
trapezius |
|
what is superficial to the accessory nerve?
|
skin
platysma within the investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
|
what divides the posterior triangle of the neck into two regions? what is in the inferior region that makes it particularly dangerous?
|
accessory nerve (CN XI)
cervical plexus is in inferior region |
|
what fascia covers the SCM, trapezius and posterior triangle of the neck?
|
investing layer of deep cervical fascia
|
|
what is included in the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?
|
accessory nerve (CN XI)
cutaneous cervical nerves external jugular vein occipital lymph nodes supraclavicular lymph nodes inferior belly of omohyoid muscle |
|
which cutaneous cervical nerves are contained within the posterior triangle of the neck?
|
lesser occipital
greater auricular transverse cervical supraclavicular |
|
what lymph nodes are contained within the posterior triangle of the neck?
|
supraclavicular lymph nodes
occipital lymph nodes |
|
from where does the lesser occipital nerve arise?
|
anterior ramus of C2
|
|
from where does the greater auricular nerve arise?
|
anterior rami of C2 and C3
|
|
from where is the transverse cervical nerve derived?
|
anterior rami of C2 and C3
|
|
from where are the supraclavicular nerves derived?
|
anterior rami of C3 and C4
|
|
what is innervated by the lesser occipital nerve (C2)?
|
skin posterior to ear and superficial to mastoid process
|
|
what is innervated by the greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)?
|
skin over upper aspect of SCM
ear lobe fascia over parotid gland |
|
what is innervated by the transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)?
|
skin over adam's apple
|
|
what is innervated by the supraclavicular nerves?
|
overlap with the area of the upper thoracic intercostal nerves, exhibiting referred pain from the pleura and peritoneum
|
|
from where is the phrenic nerve derived?
|
C3, C4, C5
|
|
from where is the sensory nerve to trapezius derived?
|
C3, C4
|
|
what is another name for the occipital lymph nodes?
|
suboccipital lymph nodes
|
|
where are the occipital lymph nodes?
|
apex of the posterior triangle of the neck
|
|
what becomes enlarged with german measles or a scalp infection?
|
occipital (suboccipital) nerves
|
|
what muscles are beneath the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck (from posterior to anterior)?
|
*semispinalis capitis
splenius capitis levator scapulae scalene muscles (posterior, middle, anterior) *serratus anterior *=not always |
|
what forms the scalene mass?
|
posterior scalene
middle scalene |
|
what are the attachments of the middle scalene muscle?
|
posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae
rib 1 |
|
what are the attachments of the posterior scalene muscle?
|
posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae
rib 2 |
|
what are the attachments of the anterior scalene muscle?
|
anterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae 3-6
rib 1 |
|
which of the scalene muscles is posterior to the subclavian artery?
|
scalene medius
scalene posterior |
|
which of the scalene muscles is anterior to the subclavian artery?
|
scalene anterior
|
|
what is separated by the scalene anterior?
|
subclavian artery from subclavian vein
|
|
which cervical vertebrae have anterior tubercles on the transverse processes?
|
C3, C4, C5, and C6
|
|
what is covered by the prevertebral fascia?
|
vertebral column
prevertebral muscles of neck postvertebral muscles of neck subclavian artery 3 trunks of brachial plexus loops of cervical plexus floor of posterior triangle of neck |
|
what fascia is drawn into the axilla as the axillary sheath?
|
prevertebral fascia
|
|
what is the clinical significance of the axillary sheath?
|
infection route from posterior compartment of the neck to the axilla
(creates upper extremity signs and symptoms) |
|
what nerves are deep to the prevertebral fascia?
|
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5) |
|
with what vein are most deep cervical lymph nodes associated?
|
internal jugular vein (deep to SCM)
|
|
what is drained by the lateral group of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes?
|
back of the scalp and neck
|
|
the subclavian vein is a continuation of what vein?
|
axillary vein
(beginning at lateral border of rib 1, and ending at scalene anterior muscle) |
|
what veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?
|
subclavian vein
internal jugular vein |
|
where can one compress the subclavian artery for control of bleeding in the axilla and upper limb?
|
on rib 1
|
|
from which artery does the dorsal scapular artery branch?
|
transverse cervical artery
|
|
what is the anatomical anomaly involved with the dorsal scapular artery?
|
branching from the subclavian artery rather than the transverse cervical artery
|
|
what is supplied by the dorsal scapular artery?
|
vertebral border of scapula
rhomboidei |
|
what is inferior to the subclavian artery?
|
rib 1
pleura of apex of lung |
|
what is posterior to the subclavian artery?
|
scalenus medius
lower trunk of brachial plexus |
|
what is anterior to the subclavian artery?
|
scalenus anterior
|
|
what are the branches of the subclavian artery?
|
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery thyrocervical trunk costocervical trunk dorsal scapular artery |
|
where is the first part of the subclavian artery? what are its branches?
|
origin to medial border of scalenus anterior
vertebral artery internal thoracic artery thyrocervical trunk |
|
where is the second part of the subclavian artery? what are its branches?
|
behind scalenus anterior
costocervical trunk |
|
where is the third part of the subclavian artery? what are its branches?
|
between lateral border of scalenus anterior and lateral border of rib 1
dorsal scapular artery |
|
what are the branches from the thyrocervical trunk (from the first part of the subclavian artery)?
|
inferior thyroid artery
suprascapular artery transverse cervical artery |
|
what are the branches from the costocervical trunk (from the second part of the subclavian artery)?
|
highest intercostal artery
deep cervical artery |
|
what is supplied by the suprascapular (transverse scapular) artery?
|
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa contents of fossae |
|
what is supplied by the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery?
|
superficial branch runs over levator scapulae and supplies the posterior surface of the trapezius
|
|
what is supplied by the deep branches of the transverse cervical artery?
|
deep branches run deep to levator scapulae and supply the rhomboidei and medial border of scapula
|
|
what can replace the deep branches of the transverse cervical artery?
|
dorsal scapular artery
|
|
how are spinal nerves named?
|
cervical - for vertebra under nerve
thoracic - for vertebra above nerve lumbar - for vertebra above nerve sacral - for vertebra above nerve |