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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which equine structure makes the first contact with the ground? |
The frog (and basal border)
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In the equid hoof capsule, how many primary laminae? Secondary laminae?
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600; 100
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What is the junction between the hoof and skin?
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Coronet
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What is the soft part of the hoof just proximal to coronet?
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Periople
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Which quarter is steeper, medial or lateral?
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Medial
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Which structures are involved in preventing venous pooling in the horse limb? (2)
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Digital cushion
Collateral hoof cartilages |
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see pic
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A - Toe
B - Apex of frog C - Sulcus of frog D - Bulb of the heel E - Paracuneal groove |
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identify
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A - Distal phalanx
B - Stratum medium C - Basal border of hoof D - Digital cushion E - Deep digital flexor tendon F - Navicular bone |
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identify
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A - Perioplic dermis
B - Coronary dermis C - Laminar dermis D - Coronet |
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which has broader toe: thoracic or pelvic limb?
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pelvic limb
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where does lamintis happen?
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- inflammation of laminar dermis
- between laminae dermis and epidermis |
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wall reflected at heels to form bars, separated from the frog by the
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paracuneal grooves
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Wall is thickest at
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Wall is thickest at TOE, and thins progressively heel-ward
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Which quarter has thicker wall: inner or outer (lateral)?
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outer (lateral) quarter
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angle between dorsal surface and ground surface (of fetlock) is normally
A. in forefoot B. in hind foot |
A. 45-50 degrees in (forefoot)
B. 50-55 degrees (hindfoot) |
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identify
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A - Laminar epidermis
B - Ridges of the frog C - Spine of the frog |
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identify
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Coronary venous plexus
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identify
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A - Laminar epidermis
B - Ridges of the frog C - Spine of the frog |
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identify
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see pic
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does laminae dermis contain papillae?
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No
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what produces hoof wall?
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coronary dermis - produces hoof wall by means of papillae on their surfaces
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Function of dermis:
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1.highly vascular and sensitive
2. attaches hoof wall to internal foot structures 3. produces parts of wall via papillae (not laminae dermis) 4.provides wall with nourishment |
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types of dermis
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- perioplic dermis,
- coronary dermis - laminar dermis (no papillae) - frog dermis - sole dermis |
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produce horn of periople and stratum tectorium?
Produces most of wall? |
Papillae of Perioplic dermis
Coronary dermis; it produces stratum medium and internum |
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which is more proximal, Coronary dermis OR Perioplic dermis?
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Perioplic dermis is more proximal
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covers extensor tendon, cartilages of distal phalanx via subcutaneous tissue of the coronary cushion
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Coronary dermis
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_____ of coronary dermis produces stratum medium of wall
also produces horny tubules |
stratum germinativum
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produce the tubular horn (horny tubules)
produce intertubular horn |
papillae cells of stratum germinativum
inter-papillar cells -> produce intertubular horn, this is the glue |
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coronary venous plexus lies deep in ?
coronary venous plexus feeds/forms ? |
coronary cushion
med./lat. digital veins |
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what happens if get a deep laceration in coronary border?
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bleeds perfusely
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degenerative condition of the frog, especially when animal is kept in moist or watery floor/ground
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Thrush
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identify
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see picture
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True or False:
frog is completely keratinised |
False *****!
The frog is incompletely keratinised - softer (50% water content: sole -- 33%) than wall |
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The white line visible at junction of ?
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white line visible, white, at junction of wall and sole
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Two parts of white line:
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1. stratum internum
2. horny papillae OR pigmented horn FYI this straw colored (pigmented) amorphous horny material is produced by stratum germinativum overlying terminal papillae |
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Where are terminal papillae located?
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distal end of each laminae...i think
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What do they do?
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* fill space, glue between hoof wall (specifically the white line) and sole
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Injuries to dermis
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1. corn - bruised sole dermis at angle of sole
2. Canker - chronic hypertrophy of frog dermis - often due to infection. |
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Name 3 plexuses of foot and location:
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1. dorsal venous plexus - within cushion of laminae dermis
2. coronary venous plexus: in coronary cushion of cor.dermis 3. palmar/plantar venous plexus: in dermis of sole and on surfaces of cartilages of third phalanx. |
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Do the 3 plexuses communicate?
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Yes
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What does digital cushion consist of?
It is part of ? |
fibroelastic tissue
Coronary cushion |
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Why is it important to get horse exercise?
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* each limb can hold a lot of blood via plexuses, etc.
* exercise innervates venous return and proper circulation * Blood may stagnate in the foot if horse is unable to shift foot or have adequate exercise. |
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ungual cartilages may become ossified to be called ?
what is between them? |
side bones
btw. is digital cushion, plantar venous plexous, etc. |