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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The thorax consists of the thoracic cavity and surrounding ____________.
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thoracic wall
thorax = area btwn neck and abdomen |
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The thoracic inlet and outlet allow for communication btwn the thorax and neck or abdomen, differentiate btwn the two
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inlet = btwn thorax and neck structures
outlet = btwn thoraz and abdominal structures (mostly closed by diaphram) |
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Because of it's subcutaneous location, the _______ is a common site for bone marrow biopsy.
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sternum
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what are the 2 other names for the sternal angle (btwn the manubrium and body)?
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angle of lous
manubriosternal joint |
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An axial slice through the sternal angle anteriorly and the T4/5 intervertebral disc posteriorly would cut through the following structures:
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pericardium
pulmonary trunk arch of the aorta trachea (bifurcating) R & L main bronchi articulation btwn sternum & rib 2 |
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An axial slice through the xiphoid process would cross through what 3 structures?
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1. superior border of liver
2. inferior border of heart 3. central tendon of the diaphram |
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The head of a typical rib is wedge-shaped and has 2 facets separated by what?
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the crest of the head
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The shaft of the rib has a COSTAL GROOVE on the inferior margin of its internal surface. What lies in this groove?
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intercostal vein & artery (protected by bone)
(intercostal nerve NOT protected by bone) |
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Ribs ______ are TRUE ribs. Their costal cartilages articulate w/ the sternum directly
Ribs ____ are FALSE ribs. They attach indirectly to sternum via costal cartalige 7 Ribs ____ are FLOATING ribs. Do not connect to sternum |
1-7= TRUE ribs
8-10= FALSE ribs 11&12= FLOATING ribs |
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Atypical Ribs, differentiate btwn the following:
Rib 1 Rib 2 Rib 10-12 Rib 11 & 12 |
Rib 1: broadest & shortest, only one facet, scalene tubercule
Rib 2: tubercle for serratus anterior Ribs 10-12: have only one facet Ribs 11&12: short w/ no neck or tubercle |
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Cervical ribs are present in 1% of pop., if present they may compress the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus or the subclavian artery or vein leading to.............
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thoracic outlet syndrome
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A typical thoracic vertebra has 2 ____ on each side of the vertebral body for articulation w/ heads of ribs, and ___________ on the transverse processes for articulations w/ tubercles of ribs.
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demifacets
transverse costal facets |
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Differentiate btwn the following atypical thoracic vertebrae
T1 T10-12 T11&12 |
T1- complete superior costal facet INSTEAD of demifacet *head of rib 1 does NOT articulate w. C7
T10-12- single complete costal facet for articulation w/ same numbered rib T11&12- lack transverse costal facets on their transverse processes, ribs do NOT articulate w/ these transverse processes |
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Differentiate btwn the different types of joints:
costochondral- sternocostal- costotransverse- costovertebral- interchondral |
costoCHONDRAL- btwn bodies of ribs & their COSTAL CARTILAGES (fibrocartilaginous)
STERNocostal- btwn the costal cartilages of the the 7 true ribs & STERNUM (1 is fibrocartilaginous, rest are synovial) costoTRANSVERSE- btwn tubercle of rib & TRANSVERSE PROCESS of same numbered vertebra (synovial) costovertebral- joint head of rib, btwn head of typical rib, superior demifacet of same rib, and inferior demifacet of rib above (synovial) INTERchondral- costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 articulate WITH cartilage above (synovial |
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The sternocostal joint of rib 1 is known as the __________
(fibrocartilaginous joint) |
synchondrosis of the first rib
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the costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 articulate w/ the cartilages above at synovial joints known as what?
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interchondral joints
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Costochondritisis, inflammation of costochondral or sternocostal joints may sometimes be mistaken for what?
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MI/heart attack
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Intercostal spaces contain 3 layers of intercostal layers and intercostal nerves and blood vessels and are numbered according to the (superior/inferior) rib
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superior rib
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Differentiate btwn;
External intercostal muscles Internal intercostal muscles Innermost intercostal muscles |
External intercostal muscles- fibers FORWARD and down, run from costochondral junction to sternum where muscles end anteriorly and external intercostal membrane begins
Internal intercostal muscles- fibers BACKWARD and down, end posterior & medial to angles of ribs and internal intercostal membrane begins Innermost intercostal muscles- similar to internal but further inward |
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All intercostal muscles are innervated by the correlating intercostal nerve EXCEPT _____
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T12, innervated by subcostal nerve
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_____ muscles run between sternum and costal cartilage
_____ muscles run between every other rib Both of these muscles are innervated by _______nerves |
transversus thoracis
subcostal intercostal nerves |
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The intercostal spaces contain posterior intercostal veins and arteries and intercostal nerves, how are these arranged?
Which of these is not protected by the costal groove? They lie btwn which 2 muscles? |
VAN
vein--> artery-->nerve (top--> bottom) intercostal nerve not protected by costal groove btwn internal & innermost intercostal muscles |
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The posterior intercostal artery comes from where?
The anterior intercostal artery comes from where? (also w/i intercostal space) |
posterior intercostal artery is from thoracic aorta
anterior intercostal artery is from internal thoracic artery |
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the intercostal nerve is the (anterior/posterior) ramus of the thoracic spinal nerve, & it gives off lateral & anterior cutaneous branches.
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anterior ramus
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The following dermatomes are from what nerves?
Umbilicus Nipple Top of Shoulder Down middle of arm |
Umbilicus- T10
Nipple- T5 Top of Shoulder- C4 Down middle of arm- T1 |
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What nerve may be involved in a shingles infection with a breakout in the dermatome supplied?
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an intercostal nerve
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The posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries originate from the ____________
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thoracic arota
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The internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries originate from the ___________
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subclavian artery
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The superior and lateral thoracic arteries originate from the ____________
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axillary artery
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The posterior intercostal arteries of intercostal spaces 1 & 2 arise from the ____________________, a branch of the costocervical trunk
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supreme (superior) intercostal artery
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The posterior intercostal arteries of intercostal spaces 3-11 (and the subcostal arteries) arise posteriorly from the ________________
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thoracic aorta
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The posterior intercostal arteries give rise to branches that accompany the posterior rami of the spinal nerves and the _______________ branches of the intercostal nerves
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lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves
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The internal thoracic arteries arise in the root of the neck and descend on the ____ surface of the thorax lateral to the sternum & posterior to the clavicle & upper 6 costal cartilages, terminate in the 6th intercostal space where they become what?
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internal surface
divide into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries *internal thoracic from subclavian |
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The anterior intercostal arteries of intercostal spaces 1-6 arise from what?
7-9? |
anterior intercostal arteries 1-6 from internal thoracic
" " 7-9 from musculophrenic arteries *spaces 10-11 do NOT have intercostal arteries |
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The anterior and posterior intercostal arteries have _______ and ______ branches that anastomose w/ each other.
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terminal and collateral branches
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T/F
The posterior and anterior intercostal veins anastomose with one another |
TRUE
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Most posterior intercostal veins drain into ______________
while the anterior drain into the ___________________ |
posterior drain into azygos system of veins
anterior drain into internal thoracic veins |
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The intercostal veins accompany intercostal arteries and nerves and lie the most (superior/inferior) in the costal grooves
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most superior
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