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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rad exams of urinary sys are common contrast procedures |
TRUE |
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What does the urinary sys consist of |
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra |
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Which 2 parts of the urinary sys lie in retroperitoneal space |
2 kidneys & ureters |
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Kidneys lie ... |
Either side of vertebral column and most posterior part of abdominal cavity |
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Which kidneys lies lower and why? |
RIGHT KIDNEY Due to the presence of liver |
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What is superior and medial to ea kidney? |
Suprarenal gland (adrenal) Located in fatty capsule and part of endocrine sys |
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Ea kidney is connected to single urinary bladder by it's own... |
Ureter |
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What travels in the ureters |
Waste material "urine" Travels from kidney to urinary bladder by ureters |
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Urinary bladder serves as... |
Reservoir that stores urine until excreted through urethra |
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Latin word for kidney |
Ren Renal |
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RIGHT KIDNEY lower to |
Liver |
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Left kidney lower to |
Spleen |
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Ribcage form a protective enclosure for what |
Kidneys |
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Ureters lie ... |
Anterior to respective kidney |
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Do ureters follow natural curve of spinal column? |
Yes Curves anterior --> lumbar lordotic -->posterior curve --> sacroccygeal curve |
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What connects the bladder to the exterior |
Urethra Urethra exit body below pubis symphysis |
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The entire "blank" posterior or below peritoneum |
Urinary sys |
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Which structures are retroperitoneal |
Kidneys and ureters |
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Which structures are infraperitoneal |
Bladder and urethra |
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How much does kidney weigh |
Sm 150g |
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Length of kidney |
10-12 cm 4-5 in |
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Kidney width |
5-7.5 cm 2-3 in |
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Kidney thickness |
2.5 cm 1 in |
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Which kidney is longer and narrower |
Left |
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How many kidneys do you need for normal health |
1 Failure of both unless corrected leads to death |
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Psoas major muscles cause how much of an angle of the kidneys from MSP SUPINE |
20 degrees Muscle grow larger as they profess inferiorly |
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Ehat cayses the kidneys to rotate backwards into retroperitoneal space |
Psoas major muscles Medial border of kidney more anterior than lateral border |
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What is normal rotation of kidney |
30 degrees Due to large psoas major muscles |
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What muscles are posterior to kidneys |
Quadratus lumborum muscles |
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Deep muscles in the back |
Erector spinae muscles |
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LPO shows which kidney parallel to IR |
Right kidney |
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RPO shows which kidney parallel to IR |
Left kidney |
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Kidney surrounded by mass of fatty tissue termed |
Adipose capsule or perirenal fat Which allows visualization of kidney on normal radiograph |
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Most abdominal radiographs patient is "blank" and taken on "blank" |
Supine and taken on expiration |
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When patient supine and on expiration: Where do the kidneys normally lie |
Halfway b/w xiophoid process and iliac crest Left kidney 1 cm more superior than right |
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The too of left kidney is at the level of ... |
T11 -T12 |
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Bottom of the right kidney is at the level of ... |
L3 |
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Since kidneys are loosely attached w/in their fatty capsule they tend to... |
Move up and down w/ movements of diaphragm/positions |
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How much does the kidney drop when inhaling deeply |
2.5 cm 1 in |
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How much does the kidney drop when standing |
5 cm 2 in Or about 1 lumbar vertebra |
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Def: Nephroptosis |
Kidney drops farther than normal Very thin and older patients drop into pelvis can cause twisting/kinking |
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What is the primary function of the urinary sys |
Production of urine and elimination of it from body |
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During urine production the kidneys perform which 3 functions |
1- remove nitrogenous waste 2- regulate water 3- regulate acid-base balance and electrolyte levels of blood |
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What nitrogenous waste products (2) During normal metabolism of proteins |
Urea and creatinine |
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Def: uremia |
Buildup of nitrogenous waste in blood |
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Large blood vessels for vast quantities of blood flowing through ... |
Kidneys |
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What percent of blood pumped from heart w/ ea beat passes through kidneys |
25% |
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Arterial blood received by kidneys directly form |
Abdominal aorta Via L/R renal arteries Renal arteries rebranch into capillaries |
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Most of the blood in kidneys is returned ... |
Circulatory Renal veins must be large |
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Renal veins connect directly to... |
Inferior vena cava To return blood to right side of heart |
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Renal veins are anterior to |
Renal arteries |
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Hilum location |
Medial border of kidney centrally located A longitudinal fissure |
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Hilum serves as |
Transmit renal artery, renal vein, lymphatic, nerves, ureters |
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Kidney divdied into upper and lower part called |
Upper pole Lower pole |
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Average intake of water in 24 hrs is |
2.5 liters or 2500mL Ends up in bloodstream 2.5L |
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How much blood flow through kidney in 60 secs |
1 L Which is 180 L filtrate from blood every 24 hrs |
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What % of filtrate vol reabsorbed by kidneys and returned to bloodstream |
99% |
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Reabsorption process what is regulated |
Blood pH Electrolytes *sodium, potassium, chloride |
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Average of amount of urine form |
1.5 L 1500 mL *this varies w/ fluid intake, perspiration and other factors |
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What is the outer covering of kidney |
Renal (fibrous) capsule |
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What does ureters transport and how |
Urine Peristaltic waves and gravity |
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Length of ureters |
28-34 cm Right ureter shorter than left |
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Ureters pass inferiorly they lie on what |
Anterior surface of ea psoas major muscle |
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Ureter diameter |
1mm - 1cm |
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3 most constricted points in ureter |
Uteropelvic junction (UP) - renal pelvis funnels down into sm ureters Brim of pelvis - iliac blood vessels cross over ureters Ureterovesical junction (UV junction)- Ureter joins bladder |
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Where will a stone most likely tend to hang up? |
UV junction (uretervesical junction) If stone passes this junction into bladder may have trouble passing through urethra |
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Musclemembraneous sac serves as reservoir for urine |
Urinary bladder |
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Shape of bladder when empty |
Flattened and oval shape |
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Trigone |
Triangular part of bladder along inner posterior surface |
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What forms the trigone |
Muscualr area formed by the ebtrabce of 2 ureters from behind and exit site for urethra |
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What is the trigone from my attached to |
Floor of pelvis |
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The lining of the trigone is ___ and the inner lining of bladder is ____ |
Trigone smooth Inner bladder has rugae |
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How does the bladder expand when getting filled |
Upward and forward |
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Male: what is the gland that surrounds proximal urethra |
Prostate gland |
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Where does the prostate gland lie |
Inferior to bladder |
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Diameter and height of prostate gland |
Diameter - 3.8 cm / 1.5 in Height - 2.5 cm / 1 in |
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Function of prostate |
Produces fluid that improves motility of sperm during reproduction Male and female similar internal structure |
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Is it normal for the bladder to have some urine in it |
YES Normally bladder has some urine in it |
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At what mL in bladder does need to void arise |
250 mL |
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mL of total capacity of bladder |
350-500mL |
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Voiding is voluntary but desire to void may pass But if pressure rises too high involuntary urination |
J |
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What does the size, position, functional status of bladder depend on |
surrounding organs and amount of urine in bladder |
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When pregnant the fetus exerts ___ pressure on bladder |
Downward |
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Laterally (MSP) how does the female bladder lie |
Posterior and superior to symphysis pubis |
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Female urethra length and extend from what to what |
4cm 1 1/2 in Extends from internal urethral orifice to external urethral orifice |
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Single function of female urethra |
Passage of urine to exterior |
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Female reproductive organs |
Ovaries (female gonads) Uterine tubes Vagina |
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In both female and male both ureters and kidneys are |
Retroperitoneal |
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Urinary bladder, urethra, male repro organs are |
Infraperitoneal |
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Female uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries pass... |
Pass into peritoneal cavity |
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Male repro organs are ___ of peritoneum |
Below And completely separated form organs in peritoneum |
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In Male/female which is a closed sac |
Male !! Not in female |
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Male bladder is ___ and ___ to symphysis pubis |
When empty posterior and superior but when filled above level of symphysis pubis |
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What did she male repro include |
Testes Seminal vesicles and relate ducts Ejaculatory ducts Ductus deferens "vas deferens" Penis Scrotum |
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Male urethra extends from |
Internal urethral orifice to external urethral orifice |
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Male urethra length |
17.5 20 cm |
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2 functions of male urethra |
1 eliminate urine 2 passageway for semen |