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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kussmaul respiration
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slightly increased ventilatory rate
very lg. tidal volumes no expiratory pause (strenuous exercise or metabolic acidosis) |
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tachypnea respiration
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rapid ventilatory rate
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what's the difference between restricted breathing and obstructed breathing?
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restricted is a compliance issue (small tidal volumes, tachypnea, rapid expiration)
obstructed depends on large or small airway obstruction but causes labored breathing ( stridor, wheezing, prolonged inhale and exhale, increased effort) |
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Cheyne Stokes respirations
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alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing
neurologic impairment from brain stem involved |
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hemoptysis
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expectoration of bloody mucous
bronchitis TB abscess neoplasms |
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What does clubbing indicate?
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disease that interferes with oxygenation is involved
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hypercapnia
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increased paO2 caused by hypoventilation
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hypoxemia
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.reduced paO2 caused by
1. low O2 in inspired air 2. diffusion abnormality 3. ventilation-perfusion mismatch 4. shunting |
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pulmonary edema
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excess water in the lung
caused by capillary hydrostatic pressure, capillary oncotic pressure or capillary permeability dysfunctions |
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atelectasis
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collapse of alveoli from compression of lung tissue or absorption of gas from obstructed alveoli
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bronchiectasis
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abnormal dilation of the bronchi secondary to another pulmonary disorder like infection or inflammation
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pneumothorax
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accumulation of air in the pleural space
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pleural effusion
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accumulation of fluid in pleural space
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empyema
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presence of pus in the pleural space
(infected pleural effusion) |
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What are 3 obstructive lung diseases?
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emphysema
chronic bronchitis asthma |
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describe asthma
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type 1 hypersensitivity
bronchospasm bronchial inflammation mucosal edema increased mucous production |
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describe chronic bronchitis
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causes airway obstruction and thus bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy and makes thick, tenacious mucous
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describe emphysema
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destroyed alveolar septa and loss of passive elastic recoil lead to airway collapse and obstruct gas exchange during expiration
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What is COPD?
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chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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pulmonary embolism
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thrombus occludes pulmonary vascular bed
can cause: hypoxic vasoconstriction pulmonary edema atelectasis pulmonary hypertension shock death |
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What is pulmonary hypertension
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5-10 mm Hg higher than normal in pulmonary arteries
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What is cor pulmonale?
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right ventricular hypertrophy caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension
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What are the cancers we are concerned with in regard to the pulmonary system
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non-small cell carcinoma (large cell, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell)
small cell carcinoma |