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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Puberty
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the biological changes of adolescence
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early adolescence
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the period spanning roughly ages 10-13, corresponding roughly to the junior or middle high school years.
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middle adolescence
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the period spanning roughly age 14-17, corresponding to the high school years.
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late adolescence
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the period spanning roughly ages 18-21, corresponding approximately to the college years.
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emerging adulthood
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the period spanning roughly ages 18-25, during which individuals make the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
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rite of passage
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a ceremony or ritual marking an individual’s transition from one social status to another, especially marking the young person’s transition to adulthood.
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psychosocial
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referring to aspects of development that are both psychological and social in nature, such as developing a sense of identity or sexuality.
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identity
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the domain of psychosocial development involving self-conceptions, self-esteem, and the sense of who one is.
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autonomy
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the psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of identity.
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intimacy
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the psychosocial domain concerning the formation, maintenance, and termination of close relationships.
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achievement
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the psychosocial domain concerning behaviors and feelings in evaluate situations.
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microsystem
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in the ecological perspective on human development, the immediate settings in which adolescents develop, such as the family or the peer group.
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mesosystem
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in the ecological perspective on human development, the layer of the environment formed by two or more immediate settings, as in the home-school
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exosystem
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in the ecological perspective on human development, the layer of the environment that does not directly contain the developing person but that affects the setting in which the person lives.
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macrosystem
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in the ecological perspective on human development, the outermost layer of the environment, containing forces such as history and culture.
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endocrine system
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the system of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones.
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hormones
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highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands.
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glands
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organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones
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gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH) neurons
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specialized neurons that are activated by certain pubertal hormones.
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set point
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a physiological level or setting (e.g. of a specific hormone) that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system.
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feedback loop
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a cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the gonads.
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pituitary gland
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one of the chief glands responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body.
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HPG (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) axis
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the neurophysiological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads.
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androgens
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a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among males than females following puberty.
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estrogens
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a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among females than males following puberty.
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adrenarche
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the mutation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence.
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leptin
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a protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty
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cortisol
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a hormone produced when we are exposed to stress.
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peak height velocity
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the point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly.
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tanner stages
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a widely used system used to describe the five stages of pubertal development.
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gonads
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the glands that secrete sex hormones; in males, the testes; in females the ovaries.
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secondary sex characteristics
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the manifestations of sexual maturity at puberty, including the development of breasts, the growth of facial and body hair, and changes in the voice.
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pharomones
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a class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species.
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secular trend
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the tendency, over the past two centuries, for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of improvements in health and nutrition
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organization role of hormones
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the process through which early exposure to hormones, especially prenatally, organizes the brain or other organs in anticipation of later changes in behavior or patterns of growth.
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delayed phase preferance
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a pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty.
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longitudinal study
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a study that follows the same group of individuals over time.
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cross sectional study
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a study that compares two or more groups of individuals at one point in time.
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activational role of hormones
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the process through which changes in hormone levels, especially at puberty, stimulate changes in the adolescent’s behavior, appearance, and growth
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adolescent growth spurt
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the dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty.
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Primary sex characteristics
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the parts that change; testes, breasts, pubic hair
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menarche
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the time of the first menstruation, one of the most important changes that occur among females during puberty
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Theory of multiple intelligences
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1. verbal-psych
2.mathmatical-engineer 3.spacail- interior designer 4.kinstetic-athlete 5.self reflective - philosophy 6.interpersonal- politicians 7.musical |
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individualistic
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characterized by individualism; independent and self-reliant. synonyms: unconventional, unorthodox, atypical, singular, unique, original, nonconformist, independent, individual,
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maturational deviance hypothesis
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An explanation for the effects of asynchronous development that attributes the effects of timing to changing adolescents’ status relative to their peers.
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