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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Acid (Bronsted) |
Proton Donor |
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Define: Base (Bronsted) |
Proton Acceptor |
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Define: Acid (Arrhenius) |
Substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in water |
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Define: Base (Arrhenius) |
Substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. |
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Give 3 weaknesses of the Arrhenius model |
(1) Hydrogen ion (H+) is incapable of separated existence (2) Assumes that Acid-Base reactions are limited to aqeuos environments (3) Could not explain why NH3 is a base |
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What is ionization? |
Reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions |
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Define: strong acid |
An acid that ionises almost completely in an aqueous solution |
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Examples of strong acids |
-HCl -H2SO4 -HNO3- |
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What is a weak acid? |
An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution |
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Examples of weak acids |
-HF -H3PO4 -H2SO4 -H2CO3 -(COOH)2 -CH3COOH |
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What is a monoprotic acid. Give example |
Acid that only donates one proton. e.g. HCl |
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What is diprotic acid. Give example |
An acid that donates two of its protons to other atoms E.g. H2SO4 |
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What is triprotic acid. Give example |
Acid that donates 3 of its protons to other atoms. e.g.H3PO4 |
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What is dissociation? |
Splitting of an ionic compound into its ions |
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What is a strong base? |
A base that dissociates almost completely into an aqueous solution |
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Examples of strong bases |
Group 1: hydroxides LiOH NaOH KOH |
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What is a weak base? |
A base that only dissociates partially in an aqueous solution |
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Example of weak base |
NH3(aq) |
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What is an amphoreric substance? |
A substance that can either act as a base or acid |
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Examples of amphoteric substances |
-H2O -HCO3- -HSO3- |
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What is a salt? |
Substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation |
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Acid + Metal = |
SAlt + H2 |
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Acid + metal oxide = |
SAlt + H20 |
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Acid + Metal Hydroxide (Ammonia) = |
SAlt + H20 (or ammonia salt) |
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Acid + Metal Carbonate = |
SAlt + H2O + CO3 |
