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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pH scale
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0-7 --Acidic
7 -- Neutral 7-14 --Basic |
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pH scale and H+
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have an inverse relationship
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strong acids and bases
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dissociate completely in solution
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weak acids and bases
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- don't dissoc. competely
- free less H+ - have less effect on pH |
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carbonic acid
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weak acid
in ECF at normal pH H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3(2-) volatile acid in body fluids |
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pH of ECF
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7.35 - 7.45
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Acidosis
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abnormally low pH
plasma pH < 7.35 |
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carbon dioxide
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in soln as carbonic acid
- released at lungs as CO2 - in cells (blood) as bicarbonate |
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carbonic anhydrase (CA)
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enzyme that catalyzes dissociation of carbonic acid back into CO2
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pCO2 most important factor affecting pH in body tissues
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note** pCO2 higher in cells than in lungs
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T/F: Acid-Base balance maintained by gains and losses of H+ ions.
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True
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Buffers
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dissolve compounds that stabilize pH by providing or removing H+
- weak acids - weak bases - temporary - limited - don't remove H+ |
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what are the 3 buffer systems?
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1. protein buffer systems
2. carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system 3. phosphate buffer system |
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protein buffer systems
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- depend on AA
- responds by accepting or donating H+ - HEMOGLOBIN buffer system -> only intracellular buffer system with an IMMEDIATE effect on ECF pH |
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carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
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1. can't protect ECF from changes in pH resulting from high or low levels of CO2
2. works only when respiratory system and respiratory control centers are working normally |
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phosphate buffer system
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important in buffering pH of ICF
- works like carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system |
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maintaining A-B balance
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1. removed at lungs
2. secreted at kidneys coordinate buffer systems with respiratory mechanisms & renal mechanisms |
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respiratory compensation
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- change in RR--stabilize pH of ECF
- directly affects C.A.-bicarbonate buffer system |
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renal compensation
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- works by secretion and reabsorption by kidneys in response to changes in plasma pH
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buffers present in urine
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1. carbonic a-b buffer system
2. phosphate buffer system 3. ammonia buffer system |
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respiratory acidosis
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- develops when rsp system can't eliminate all CO2 made by peripheral tissues
-primary sign --low plasma pH due to hypercapnia - primary cause-- hypoventilation |
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respiratory alkalosis
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primary sign -- high plasma pH due to hypocapnia
primary cause - hyperventilation |
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metabolic acidosis
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1. H+ overload in system
2. impaired H+ excretion at kidneys 3. severe bicarbonate loss |
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2 types of metabolic acidosis
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lactic acidosis
ketoacidosis |
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metabolic alkalosis
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caused by elevated [HCO3-]
bicarbonate ions combine with H+ to in soln --> H2CO3 reduced H+ causes alkalosis |
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effects of aging on a-b balance
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reduction in vital capacity
- reduce resp. compensation - incr. risk of resp. acidosis - aggravated by emphysema |