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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Oregon Treaty of 1846
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President Polk and England signed this, understanding the limits of the Oregon Territory.
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Plymouth
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Founded in 1620 - Pilgrims traveled to Plymouth and signed the Mayflower Compact.
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Mayflower Compact
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A document signed by passengers of the Mayflower establishing self-government for the first time.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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1848 - United States received California, which now means land that stretched from Texas to California to as far as Wyoming.
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Samuel F.B. Morse
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Invented the Telegraph in 1844.
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Seneca Falls Declaration
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1848 - Document made by Elizabeth Cady Stanton saying all men AND women are created equal.
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Compromise of 1850
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California becomes part of the Union as a free state.
New Mexico and Utah become U.S. Territories. Fugitive Slave Law is made. |
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Louisiana Purchase
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1803 - Mississippi is no longer controlled by foreign power.
Territory Purchased: Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and also parts of Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, and Wyoming. |
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John C. Calhoun
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- Supported Slavery
- Secretary of War - Vice President of U.S.; created a doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional. |
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Monroe Doctrine
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1823 - James Madison's speech tells Europe not to purchase any territory from the West in U.S.
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Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, and technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain. It commenced with the introduction of steam power (fueled primarily by coal) and powered automated machinery (primarily in textile manufacturing).
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Eli Whitney
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1793 - Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin to take seeds out of Cotton much quicker, and to do that people needed slaves so the Cotton Gin also encouraged slavery, however Eli Whitney did not know the Cotton Gin would have the kind of effect on slaves.
Also invented Interchangeable Parts. |
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Erie Canal
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1825 - Best transportation as of 1825, built by DeWitt Clinton.
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Indian Removal Act
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1825-1850
Allowed the President to move tribes west. |
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Trail of Tears
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Native Americans wept that they did not want to leave their homes.
AKA, Long Trail West. |
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Worcester VS. Georgia
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It said the Cherokee Nation had the right to make its own laws.
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James Bridger
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Discovered the Great Salt Lake
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Mexico
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In 1824, Mexico became an independent country.
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Santa Fe Trail
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Americans went to buy goods and then come back to U.S. to make profit.
People brought big wagons with animals, food, and supplies in them. |
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John Marshall
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Thomas Jefferson's Cousin
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
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Presidents 1-8
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1. George Washington
2. John Adams 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. James Madison 5. James Monroe 6. John Quincy Adams 7. Andrew Jackson 8. Martin Van Buren |
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Presidents 9-17
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9. William Henry Harrison
10. John Tyler 11. James Knox Polk 12. Zachary Taylor 13. Millard Fillmore 14. Franklin Pierce 15. James Buchanan 16. Abraham Lincoln 17. Andrew Johnson |
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Missouri Compromise
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1820 - Maine was carved from Massachusetts and made into a free state.
Balanced the slave states and the free states. |
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Lynch
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It means to kill without a fair trial.
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Robert Carter
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In 1791 he freed all of his slaves (500+) because of his religious beliefs.
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Jamestown
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Founded in 1607, the first permanent English Settlement.
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Joseph Smith
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In 1830, he founded the Mormon Religion.
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Virginia House of Burgesses
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1st representative assembly in North
America |
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Thomas Hooker
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Founder of the state of Connecticut, “Father of American Democracy. Connecticut adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut sometimes called the “First written Constitution.”
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William Penn
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Established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. He supported freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require residents to serve in a militia.
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Anne Hutchinson
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Banished from Massachusetts colony; one of the founders of Rhode Island
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French and Indian War
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British colonists wanted to take over French land in North America.
British soldiers fought against French soldiers and Native Americans. Native Americans joined against the British b/c they were afraid the British would take over their land. |
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Treaty of Paris
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1763 - Ended the French and Indian War
Also as a result of the war, the British began taxing the colonists to pay for the war and the proclamation line of 1763 was established to keep colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains. |
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Sugar Act
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1764 - Tax on Sugar
American Reaction: Taxation without Representation |
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Stamp Act
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1765 - Tax on all kinds of documents
American Reaction: Protests - Sons of Liberty form |
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Townshend Acts
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1767 - Tax on imported goods
American Reaction: Boycott British |
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Tea Act
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1773 - Taxed Tea
American Reaction: Boston Tea Party |
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Intolerable Acts
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1774 - Closed Boston
American Reaction: Formed the first Continental Congress |
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Revolutionary War
Declaration of Independence 1776 |
Document written by Thomas Jeffer-son, claiming independence from Great Britain based on the philosophies of Locke, Montesquieu, and Blackstone
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Revolutionary War
Lexington and Concord |
British planned to arrest American leaders
Paul Revere made famous ride to warn about the British attack |
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Revolutionary War
Saratoga |
Important victory because it influenced foreign nations to support America in its war against England
France used its Navy in the Americans effort for victory |
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Revolutionary War
Yorktown |
French ships prevented British supplies to reach Yorktown
British surrender because of lack of supplies British lost hope of winning war and began negotiating the Treaty of Paris 1783 |
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Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris |
1783 - ENDED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The 13 colonies became independent from England The boundaries of the new nation were the Mississippi river to the west, Canada to the North, and Spanish Florida to the south. |
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Leaders of the American Revolution
George Washington |
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Presi-dent of the Constitutional Convention, and First US President, Helped create a strong central government.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Samuel Adams |
Boston Patriot who opposed British taxation. He estab-lished the committee of correspondence. Leader of the Sons of Liberty and insisted a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution before ratification.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Benjamin Franklin |
Author, publisher, inventor and diplomat
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Alexander Hamilton |
Author of many of the Federalist Papers; First secre-tary of treasury, Leader of Federalist Party
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Patrick Henry |
Patriot from Virginia, opposed ratification of Constitution because of potential limitations on state’s rights. “Give me Liberty. Or give me death!”
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Leaders of the American Revolution
James Madison |
“Father of the Constitution” one of Three authors of the “Federalist Papers”, author of the “Bill of Rights”
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Thomas Paine |
Wrote Common Sense and American Crisis, He urged Americans to support the Patriot cause during the American Revolution.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Abigail Adams |
Wife of John Adams, known for her stance on women’s rights in letters to her husband.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Wentworth Cheswell |
Educated African-American Patriot, made the same midnight ride as Paul Revere warning that the British were coming.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Mercy Otis Warren |
Patriot writer that supported independence and convinced others to join the cause. First woman historian of the American Revolution, published plays, books and poetry.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
James Armistead |
African-American spy during the American Revolution. Spied on Lord Cornwallis’ camp.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Bernardo de Galvez |
Spaniard who held off British in New Orleans, but allowed Americans use of the port.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Crispus Attucks |
American Hero and Martyr of the Boston Massacre
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Haym Salomon |
Polish Jew who spied for Americans and was held as a translator for the Germans by the British.
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Leaders of the American Revolution
Marquis de Lafayette |
French Noble who helped Americans during the Revolutionary War
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Leaders of the American Revolution
John Paul Jones |
Founder of the U.S. Navy. Led raids on British ships and famous for yelling “I have not yet begun to fight”
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Leaders of the American Revolution
King George III |
King of England during the American Revolution
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Magna Carta
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Limited the power of the King; guaranteed the right of trial by jury.
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English Bill of Rights
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called for frequent elections; guaranteed right to bear arms, forbade cruel and unusual punishment; restated trial by jury.
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Articles of Confederation
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Created just before the Battle of Yorktown, this was the first attempt at a national government by the American Colonies; its weaknesses was the lack of a strong central government.
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Constitutional Convention
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1787 - Delegates met in Philadelphia Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation; instead they wrote an entirely new constitution and formed a new government.
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Federalists
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John Adams
Alexander Hamilton |
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Anti-Federalists
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Thomas Jefferson
James Madison |
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Bill of Rights
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The first ten ammendments
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Constitution Ratified
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1787 - Becomes blueprint for American Government
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George Washington
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1st President encouraged no political parties and isolationism
Farewell address encouraged isolationism and no forming of political parties |
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John Adams
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XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts |
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Thomas Jefferson
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Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review)
Louisiana Purchase (1803) — purchased from France for $15 million, doubled the size of the U.S. Embargo Act of 1807 — restricted trade with any country |
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James Madison
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War of 1812 — United States earned worldwide respect and helped spark the Industrial Revolution
Henry Clay’s American System |
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Mexican War (James K. Polk –President)
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America and Mexico argued over the border between the Texas and Mexico.
America invaded Mexico and Mexico surrendered (“Stonewall” Jackson recognized as a hero of the war) Mexico recognizes Texas as a part of the U.S. and settles border dis-pute– Rio Grande the border Mexico gave up the Mexican Cession which helped complete Manifest Destiny. |
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Jacksonian Democracy
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The idea that as many people as possible should be allowed to vote
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Gadsden Purchase
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1853 - Land purchased from Mexico in used to com-plete the transcontinental railroad.
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Florida Cession
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1819 - Given to the US by Spain
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Abolition Movement
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The social movement to end slavery. (Leaders: Fredrick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, William L. Garrison)
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Public Education
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Between 1830-1850, many northern states opened free public schools. (Leaders: Horace Mann)
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Labor Reform Movement
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Social movement where workers began protesting and strikes to get better wages and working hours.
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Women’s Rights
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This movement sought the equal treatment of wom-en, including the right to vote. (Leaders: Stanton, Anthony)
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Temperance Movement
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Social movement to stop drinking alcohol.
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The Liberator
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an abolitionist newspaper– William Lloyd Garrison
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Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth
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both born slaves but had es-caped slavery and became leading abolitionist
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Harriett Beecher Stowe
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wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which portrayed slavery in the South
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Harriet Tubman
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Former slave and conductor of the Underground Rail-road
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Nebraska Territory was divide into two territories.
Slavery in each territory was to be decided by popular sovereignty (vote by the people). Anti-slavery and Pro-slavery forces rushed into the territories in order to vote. A key figure was John Brown who was an extreme abolitionist that murdered slavery supporters. |
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Sojourner Truth
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Former slave who fought for women’s rights and abolition of slavery
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Susan B. Anthony
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Leader in women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement for 50 years to the effort to attain equal rights for women.
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Henry David Thoreau
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American essayist, poet, practical philosopher, and transcendentalist. Wrote “Civil Disobedience” (passive resistance) and supported abolitionism.
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Author of declaration of the rights of women, seeking equal rights for women. Her and Lucretia Mott held the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY.
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Horace Mann
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Father of Public Education; believed all children had the right to free education.
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Civil War (1861-1865)
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(1861-1865) Fighting between the North and South over the issue of slavery. North wins and slaves are granted Freedom, Citizenship, and the right to vote.
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People of the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln |
President of The United States during the Civil War. (Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address)
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People of the Civil War
Jefferson Davis |
President of the Confederate States of America. Inaugural address proclaimed States’ Rights.
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People of the Civil War
Ulysses S. Grant |
Commanding Union General– won major victories for the Union (Shiloh and Vicksburg)- defeated Lee’s troops in Virginia and accepted Lee’s surrender at the Appomattox court hose in 1865
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People of the Civil War
Robert E. Lee |
Confederate General– commanded the Northern Army of Virginia-respected by Northerners and loved by white southerners– won early victories and invaded the north twice and lost both times (at Antie-tam and Gettysburg)- surrendered at Appomattox
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Secession
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withdrawal of Southern States from the Union
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Battles of the Civil War
Fort Sumter |
first shots of the Civil war
before supplies could arrive Confederate troops attack the fort and the Civil war begins |
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Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Antietam |
single bloodiest battle of the Civil War
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Battles of the Civil War
Siege of Vicksburg |
Important Union victory
Confederates lost control of the Mississippi River Vicksburg, Mississippi was the last Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River |
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Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg |
Important Union victory
the only time the Confederate Army tried to win a battle in Northern Territory Pickett’s Charge was the turning point in the battle Pickett led Confederate soldiers into the middle of Union forces and it was disastrous Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address here in honor of the dead Union soldiers stating the Union |
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Battles of the Civil War
Appomattox Courthouse |
Lee Surrenders; War is over
Last battle of the Civil War Lincoln Assassinated |
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Emancipation Proclamation
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freed all of the slaves in the Southern States
Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863– Lincoln did not, however, have the power to free the slaves in the Southern States so in reality it freed very few slaves |
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13th Amendment
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Freed Slaves in all states
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14th Amendment
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Made all former slaves American Citizens
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15th Amendment
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Allowed all former slaves the right to vote
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Supreme Court Cases
John Marshall |
One of the most influential Supreme Court Justices; he helped establish the idea of Judicial Review which made the Su-preme Court the powerful institution it is today.
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Supreme Court Cases
Marbury v. Madison |
1803 said that the Supreme Court had right to review all laws made by Congress; established the idea of Judicial Review.
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Supreme Court Cases
Worcester v. Georgia |
Cherokee Nation sued Georgia to keep their lands and won, but were removed by Jackson anyway
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Supreme Court Cases
McCulloch v. Maryland |
1819
said that a state could not tax a national bank; increased the power of the national government. |
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Supreme Court Cases
Gibbons v. Ogden |
1824
said that federal government had the power to regulate trade between states. |
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Supreme Court Cases
Dred Scott v. Sanford |
1857
said that African-Americans were not citizens of the U.S. and said that Missouri compromise was unconstitutional; increased sectionalism. |
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Henry Clay
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Politician known as “The Great Compromiser” Created the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the compromise that ended the nullifica-tion crisis.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Writer and poet; popularized the idea of transcendentalism
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John Peter Zenger
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Journalist; his trial helped establish idea of freedom of the press
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Daniel Webster
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Representative and senator in the Congress. Known for his debates against Haynes and Calhoun on the topics of states’ rights and nullification
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John Deere
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Inventor of the Steel Plow
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Compromises on Slavery
Northwest Ordinance |
established government for the Northwest Territory and described how a territory becomes a state.
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Compromises on Slavery
Morrill Act |
land grant that established agricultural-universities. (Texas A&M)
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Compromises on Slavery
Dawes Act |
Indian policy that broke up reservations into individual land plots.
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Compromises on Slavery
Homestead Act |
law that a person could claim 160 acres of land in the western territories. (Sooners)
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Compromises on Slavery
Fugitive Slave Act |
act that helped slave owners recover their runaway slaves from the North. (Part of Compromise of 1850)
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Compromises on Slavery
Nullification Compromise |
Henry Clay’s compromise to end the nullification crisis when the tariff would be lowered over a 10-year period
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Compromises on Slavery
Kansas Nebraska Act |
All were examples of the government compromises that actually spread slavery further in the country
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Federalist Party
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Believe in strong national government; higher tariffs; govern-ment support of industry. (Alexander Hamilton, John Adams)
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Democratic Republicans
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Strong state governments; lower taxes; support of agriculture and craftsmen. (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison)
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Democratic Party
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Modern Democratic Party began with the election of 1828 Andrew Jackson became the first Democrat when the Democratic-Republicans split.
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Whig Party
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Group opposed to Jackson’s policies. Supported States rights, and Henry Clay’s American System. Leaders were Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.
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Republican Party
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Modern republican Party formed before the Civil War as an Anti-slavery party. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican President; Republi-cans temporarily dominated US politics after the Civil War.
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Blockade
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When goods are prevented from going into or out of an area
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Boycott
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A refusal to buy certain goods
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Mercantilism
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Economic system in which England controlled trade of the colonies
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Suffrage
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the right to vote
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Free enterprise System
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individual people and not the government control the economy; people decide what to make, sell and buy. (Alexander Hamilton)
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American System
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Henry Clay’s plan for economic growth; protective tariffs, transportation, roads and canals, 2nd national bank.
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Manifest Destiny
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this was the name given to the idea that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean.
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Nullification
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idea that a state government could nullify or ignore a federal law that they feel unfairly hurts their state( or unconstitutional); S. Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun nearly attempted to secede from US after nullifying protective tariffs.
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Protective Tariffs
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taxes on imported goods that are designed to help United States companies compete in the sale of goods.
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Transcendentalism
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a philosophy emphasizing the spiritual importance in life over the material importance.
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Minimum Government Intrusion (Laissez Faire)
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idea that citizens have the right to privacy and independence from government control.
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Property Rights
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the right to own property.
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Communication Systems
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process of keeping the colonies connected to know what was going on in the others.
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Transcontinental Railroad
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Railroad line that linked the well-developed railway network of the East Coast with rapidly growing California.
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