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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mdx?
Edx? Etiology? |
Mdx: Catarrhal gastritis
Edx: Verminous gastritis Etiology: Physaloptera (dogs & cats) |
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What are some protective features of the stomach?
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Gastric motility
Protective mucus layer over mucosa (Foveolar mucus) Secretory IgA Acidic luminal pH (dz protectant) Effective pyloric sphincter |
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Gastric dilation & volvulus (GDV) is most com'n in __.
What predisposes a dog to recurrent gastric dilation? |
Dogs (Lg, deep-chested breeds)
Predispositions: Overfeeding (Diet), hereditary factors (Inherited), postprandial exercise (lag) |
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What is the pathogenesis of GDV?
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Dilation & relaxation of gastrohepatic ligament → rotation & vascular compression → death
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Clinical signs: progressive abdominal distention, non-productive retching, hypersalivation & restlessness.
Dx? |
Gastric Dilation & Volvulus (Splenic displacement with V shape & congestion)
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Dx?
In what animal does this occur more commonly in? What is the pathogenesis? |
Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA)
Animal: High-producing dairy Cattle ↑feed uptake & hypocacemia → shifting of rumen & abomasum during pregnancy |
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Is Left Displaced abomasum fatal?
Is Right Displaced abomasum fatal? |
Left: No, but will get hyperemia & partial obstruction of abomasal flow. TREATABLE
Right: It has a high mortality rate and may lead to volvulus. DEATH |
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Right Displaced abomasum occurs most commonly in what types of cattle?
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PERI- & POSTparturient cows & calves
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[L] premortem or postmortem and why?
[R] premortem or postmortem and why? Dx? |
Postmortem because no inflammation.
Antemortem because wall necrotic Acute Gastric Dilation/Rupture |
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What are causes of Acute Gastric Dilation/Rupture?
What is the etiology of Grass sickness? |
・Accidents
・Sequel to INGESTION of highly-fermentable feeds ・Behavioral (aerophagia) ・Grass sickness → dysautonomia (ANS dysfxn) Etiology: Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin |
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Chronic Gastric Dilation in dogs is most associ'd w/?
Chronic Gastric Dilation in cattle is most associ'd w/? Chronic Gastric Dilation in horse is most associ'd w/? |
・Gastric ulcers, pyloric stenosis, Intervertebral Disc Dz (IVDD)
・Abomasal ulcers, abomasal lymphoma ・Aerophagia (Secondary to other disease) |
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Gastric impaction most often arises from ___.
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Foreign bodies (hairballs; *I*tems)
Damaged vagal nerves (*M*otility disrupted) Abomasal emptying defect of Suffolk sheep |
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Occurs in sheep & cattle in UK, EU, NA
Mdx? Common name of disease? Etiology? Lesions & death is due to ___. Common name of disease? |
Mdx: Hemorrhagic emphysematous abomasitis
Common name: Braxy Etiology: Clostridium septicum Exotoxemia |
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Mdx?
Common name of disease? Etiology? |
Hemorrhagic emphysematous abomasitis
Braxy Clostridium septicum |
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Mdx?
This occurs in ___ conditions in swine where ___ lodge in the submucosal gastric vessels → Thrombosis Infarction Ulceration |
Mdx: Embolic Gastric Infarction in Swine
Septicemic/Bacterial emboli |
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What are the 2 type of gastritis that may occur and with what organisms?
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Granulomatous Gastritis
・Histoplasma capsulatum (dogs) Eosinophilic Gastritis ・Toxocara canis (w/ peripheral eosinophilia) |
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Retention of gastric fluid & reflux of intestinal bile leads to ___ (Mdx).
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Hyperplastic/hypertrophic gastritis (cobblestone ap.)
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___ (Mdx) may also be associated with the following parasites in horses:
1. 2. |
Hyperplastic/hypertrophic gastritis (cobblestone ap.)
1. Trichostrongylus axei 2. Habronema spp. |
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What does hyperplasia of gland do?
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↑gastric fluid secretion
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Mdx?
It is a protein-losing gastropathy (RARE) |
Chronic Giant Hypertrophic Gatropathy
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What is an ulcer?
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Mucosal defect where entire epithelial thickness (including basement membrane) is lost. Reach the vessels.
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How are calves predisposed to abomasal ulcers?
How are dairy cattle predispos'd to abomasal ulcers? |
Calf:
Dietary changes (roughage for milk/replacer) Mechanical irritation of abomasum by roughage Dairy cattle: Heavy grain feeding (→lactic acidosis) Displacement of abomasum BVD (tropism for gastric) Impaction Torsion Gastric LYMPHOMA |
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Gastric ulcers in pigs commonly result from being fed ___ or by commensal bacteria and the ___.
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Finely ground grain/pelleted feed
Stress of confinement rearing |
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Gastric ulcers in cats & dogs commonly result from islet cell tumors producing gastrin ( ___ ) and mast cell tumors.
What is the pathogenesis? |
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Histamine released → blood stream → bind to parietal cells → ↑HCl secretion |
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Horse postmortem
Mdx? Etiology? |
Ulcerative gastritis
Cantharidin toxicity (Blister beetle) |
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View of mineralized gastric wall secondary to renal failure.
Dx? |
Dx: Uremic gastritis
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Equine Bots:
Where do we find Gasterophilus intestinalis in stom? Where do we find Gasterophilus nasalis in stomach? Where do we find Draschia megastoma in stomach [↑]? |
Stratified portion of stomach
Glandular portion of stomach In brood pouches in glandular mucosa adjacent to margo plicatus |
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What other gastric parasites may we see in horses?
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Habronema muscae & Habronema majus
Trichostrongylus axei |
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Mdx?
Etiology? Ddx? |
Mdx: Diffuse gastric mucosal hypertrophy & hyperplasia
Etiology: Trichostrongylus axei Ddx: Gastric lymphoma, Inflammatory |
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What parasite is common in small ruminant abomasums (++++lambs)?
Pathogenesis? |
Haemonchus contortus
Feeds on blood → anemia & hypoproteinemia (bottle jaw (edema)) |
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Dx?
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Haemonchus contortus (females red & white)
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Morrocan leather appearance, hyperplastic appearance, hypoproteinemia
Lesions caused by ___ within sheep & goats? Lesions caused by ___ within cattle? These parasites coinfect with ___ within other GI locations (SI) |
Teladorsagia circumcincta
Ostertagia ostertagia Trichostrongylus Combined parasitism → low wt. gains, inappetence, diarrhea (later stages → hypoproteinemia) |
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Morrocan leather appearance, hyperplastic appearance, hypoproteinemia in CALF
Etiology? |
Ostertagia ostertagia
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Red, threadlike nematode that affects pigs and causes "Thin sow syndrome" and similar lesions to Ostertagiasis.
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Hyostrongylus rubidus
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Gastric parasites in dogs & cats tend to be ___.
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incidental findings (Gnathostoma spp., Ollulanus tricuspis (cats), Physaloptera (may cause vomiting))
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Dx?
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lymphosarcoma (lymphoma)
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What tumor in cattle is often caused by Bovine leukosis virus?
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Lymphoma (predilection for abomasum, Rt. atrium, uterus)
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Neoplasia arising from Aglandular portion of stomach in horse.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (glandular neoplasms not very common)
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