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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is acetylcholinesterase (true cholinesterase) found? (2)
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- Nervous tissue
- RBCs |
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Where is psuedocholinesterase found? (2)
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- Nervous tissue
- Plasma |
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What is a 'nerve agent'?
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One that blocks acetylcholinesterase
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Where does the primary amount of biotransformation occur?
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Liver
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Muscarinic signs of OP toxicity
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SLUDD and other PSNS signs
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Nicotinic signs of OP toxicity
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NMJ blockade
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Central signs of OP toxicity
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CNS signs
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What do OPs do to cholinesterases?
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Inhibit by irreversibly binding them
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What do carbamates do to cholinesterases?
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Inhibit by reversibly binding them
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What is a naturally ocurring carbamate?
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Physostigmine
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What should be kept in mind when treating OP toxicity?
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Can't control all clinical signs
- Should instead treat convulsions first |
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Two drugs used to treat OP toxicity
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- ATropine
- 2-PAM (oximes) |
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Two signs of a 'chronic' toxicity of OPs
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- Weight loss ("poor doers")
- Decreased sperm quality (poor reproductive performance) |
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Why is it important not to try and control all clinical symptoms of OP toxicity?
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May end up trading a OP toxicity for an atropine or 2-PAM toxicity
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How does atropine treat OP toxicity?
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Blocks excess choline
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How does 2-PAM treat OP toxicity?
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Re-activates cholinesterase
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What should not be used to monitor atropine dosages?
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Heart rate
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What is rotenone derived from?
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Derris spp.
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MoA of rotenone
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Blocks conversion of NADH2 to NADH
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Clinical signs of rotenone (3)
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- Vomiting
- Tremors/convulsions - Respiratory depression Relatively non-toxic though |
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What are pyrethroids derived from?
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Chrysanthenum
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Which pyrethroid is toxic to cats?
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Permethrin
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What is the least toxic of all insecticides?
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Pyrethroids
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MoA of pyrethroids
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Slows nerve conductance
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MoA of Type I pyrethrins
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Increases Na+ permeability in nerve membrane
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MoA of Type II pyrethrins
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Inhibits GABA
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Which two receptors do pyrethroids affect?
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- Muscarinic
- Nicotinic |
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Clinical signs of pyrethroids affecting nicotinic receptors (2)
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- Muscle fasciculations
- Seizures - Weakness |
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Treatment of pyrethroids (2)
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- Bathing
- Atropine or diazepam to control salivation |
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What is limoline derived from?
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Citrus plants
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What species is susceptible to limoline?
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Cats
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What is Sodium fluoroacetate AKA?
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Compound 1080
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MoA of Sodium fluoroacetate
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Replaces Acetyl CoA with Fluoroacetyl CoA which, in the long run, irreversibly blocks the TCA cycle
- 'Lethal synthesis' to fluorocitrate |
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Clinical sign of Sodium fluoroacetate in Equine and Bovine
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CV collapse
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Clinical sign of Sodium fluoroacetate in dogs
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Vomiting with an empty stomach
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Tx for Sodium Fluoroacetate
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Not really any good ones.
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