X-ray crystallography

Rosalind Elsie Franklin was a British chemist and a X-ray crystallographer who contributed to the findings of the DNA molecular structure. She was born on July 25, 1920 in London, England. Unfortunately, she died of ovarian cancer in April 16, 1958 in London, England, at the age of 37. Synopsis: Rosalind Franklin earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Cambridge University. She learned crystallography and X-ray diffraction which were techniques that she applied to DNA fibers. One of her experimental evidence contained key insights into the DNA structure which other scientists used to support their DNA model and took credit for her discovery. Therefore, Rosalind Franklin made a name for herself due to her important role in the discovery…

TITLE: QUALITATIVE PHASE IDENTIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUSTURE ANALYSIS OF ISONICOTINAMIDE POLYMORPHS. INTRODUCTION The science of crystallography is important in stability studies and determination of solid state molecule or particles. Isonicotinamide (pyridine -4- carboxamide) is the amide form of isonicotinic acid which exists as different polymorphs. Isonicotinamide finds extensive use in the pharmaceutical industry because of its good anti-tubercular, anti-bacterial, anti-pyretic and…

electrical properties of the chosen materials. In this work, the prepared samples are studied using various techniques given below. • Powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) • Ultraviolet –Visible spectrometry(UV) • Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) • Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) 1.8.1 Powder XRD analysis (PXRD) The structural information of the prepared samples is examined through powder X-ray diffraction. X-ray crystallography is a tool, which is used to identify the crystal structure of…

Lab 4: Crystal Structure and X-Ray Diffraction of Materials Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to study the relationship between the geometry of a sample and its diffraction patterns through an exploration of reciprocal space. In this experiment, both a single crystal piece of Si with a (004) reflection plane and a Si powder sample are scanned, as well as the peaks the locations of the diffraction peaks on the single crystal. The collected data is then analyzed to determine the…

liquid chromatography (FPLC) with immobilized metal ion affinity and size exclusion columns, and ultimately using the purified protein product in setting up crystallization screens. I was unable to obtain any crystals of hS100A7 due to the usage of the protease inhibitor cocktail AEBSF after cell lysis, which is known to interfere with protein crystallization. The next steps after storage of the frozen protein are to remove any endotoxins in the protein solution in order to be used in in vivo…

scanner Depends upon several steps:- 1-The x-ray tube and detector transverse (scan) the object. 2-The radiation beam passes through the object and is attenuated. The intensity of radiation beam from x- ray tube and transmitted beam both are detected by suitable detectors. 3-The transmitted beam and the references beam are both converted into electric signals. 4-These output current signals are then converted into digital form by analog –to-digital converter. 5-The digital data are then…

Written Exercise Paragraph 1 1. Lattice symmetry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4: Quartz has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121 (group no. 152). At any temperature below 980K, Iron phosphate exists as α-FePO4, which has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121 (group no. 152) where iron, phosphate and oxygen occupy Wyckoff position 3a, 3b and 6c respectively. As the temperature rises up to and above 980K, α-FePO4 exhibits α-β transition and becomes β-FePO4 that shows…

What are Crystal Skulls? Crystal skulls depict a marvelous, mysterious and fascinating insight into our history, up to tens of thousands of years. Most of these relics are created from quartz, either smoky or clear. Though commercially manufactured and distributed today, these mesmerizing works of art have deep roots with what are thought to be ancient artifacts. Tales of psychic, supernatural and healing powers have been told about these crystal carvings, leading to much conspiracy around…

A hero can be classified by many things. A hero can be superman, a police officer, and even your mom, but what makes a hero. Is it someone who can fly or shoot laser beams from their eyes or someone who saves a baby from a burning building. I’ll admit some of these characteristics are far-fetched since I don’t know anyone who can fly or randomly saves babies on a normal day. All heroes, including super ones all, have something in common, they're admired for their courage or an outstanding thing…

Nearly all ancient societies practiced body modification through either piercingss or tattoos. These ancient practices are becoming ever more present in our modern Canadian society, especially tattoos. One writer says, “Permanent tattooing is the process of body modification by deposition of a pigment into the dermis” (Simunovic and Shinohara 525). In the past three decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become increasingly popular in the medical field. Magnetic resonance imaging is a…