Wallowa River

appointed physician in 1890 on the Colville Reservation in the Nespelem quarter (Gidley 1981). Edward S. Meany (1862 – 1935) was an educator and a historian. Henry M. Steele (1863 – 1903) pioneer, and Barnett Stillwell (1864 – 1928) was a businessman and teacher, and taught at the Nespelem Day School. John McAdam Webster (1849 – 1921) was a U.S army officer and Indian agent (Gidley 1981). These people will play an important role later on in the third section of this book, they document the few last years of Chief Joseph’s life. Then follows the chronology that provides a list of dates, along with pieces from speeches and the fame of Chief Joseph (Gidley 1981). Documentations start as early as 1750 when the French make contact with the Wallowa Valley Nez Perces. Then shows the growth of the fur trade, connections with the Europeans, missionaries which leads to tensions between natives and Europeans. In 1840 Chief Joseph is born from Tu-eka-kas, otherwise known as Old Joseph. By 1853 the Nez Perces home land was being cut in two, then in 1860 the gold rush happened breaking the Stevens’ treaties. Three years later this territory was again split into three parts and by 1867 forced to move off their lands. On June 1st 1877 war erupted between the Nez Perces and the United States Government. By October 5th Chief Joseph gave up this fight from his homeland saving 84 men, 184 women, and 147 children (Gidley 1981). In 1885 Joseph and his people are relocated to Nespelem on the…

The Nez Perce was one of the most powerful tribes in the Pacific Northwest and was the friendly to the whites. ("Chief Joseph"1). Most of their tribe was baptized as Christians. Joseph the Elder was the first Nez Perce to convert to Christianity. In 1855, he even helped George Washington's territorial governor set up a Nez Perce reservation that stretched from Oregon into Idaho. ("Chief Joseph" 1 PBS.org) Then in 1863, they found gold in the mines where the Nez Perce reservation was located. The…

with the name first, but it surely does fit our feelings for the town. Growing up in Tillamook, I start to notice more and more of the horrifying damage the rain water and rivers do to our town. According to the Tillamook County Department of Community Development, "DO NOT ENTER FLOOD WATER!" flood…

snowpack melt in the summer. During upwelling events nutrient rich ground water would be brought up to the surface layers. If there is a spike in nutrient levels without any rainfall and low water temperature and low dissolved oxygen were observed, it usually implies to upwelling events. Upwelling can be localized and could also bring up the resting cysts of harmful plankton. Upwelling at known hotspots would lead to a bloom event during favorable conditions. A discrete sample was collected from…

Due to the flooding in Lower Onion Creek, Eric Rangel, 17, had to drop out of school due to the financial burden that flooding has imposed on his family. The Lower Onion Creek area flooded twice, once on October 31, 2013, and October 30, 2015. Many Lower Onion Creek residents are living in condemned homes five months after the latest flood. Eric Rangel said after the floods, the city condemned his home. His home was no longer inhabitable, and his family had to seek other shelter options.…

Downstream of dams, marked changes in fish populations occur as a consequence of blockage of migration routes, disconnection of the river and floodplain, and changes in flow regime, physiochemical conditions, primary production and channel morphology(McCartney, 2009, pg. 128). Due to the changes in the fish population caused by dams, the 1996 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Animals includes 617 freshwater fishes (McCartney, 2009, pg.128). Fresh water…

How long have people been fishing, not only for fun, but as a source of food? The answer, thousands of years, in “Egyptian artwork from 2000 B.C. shows people fishing” ( Hopkins 6). It is surprising, yet understandable knowing that even ancient people fished. It would of been an easy source of food. The lakes, rivers, streams, etc. were all full of a diverse population of fish, which would of made fish an easy meal to catch and eat. They were the first people to begin fishing so the…

The dam we are planning to build will not only help the environment it will slow down global warming and grow more crops for human consumption. This dam can also be used for irrigation purposes like growing crops for humans and animals alike. You can also use this water as clean drinking water. The salmon population will maintain similar to what was before because ninety-seven percent still survive. It will slow down global warming by not having us burn coal for energy creating greenhouse gases…

The formation of Mississippi Deltaic Plain (MDP) requires comprehensive work between the river and multiple coastal scales, such as temperature and space. It is very important to restore the MDP not only because it helps to understand the details that are needed to ensure the sustainability of the delta system, but it also possesses the potential to mitigate future damage from climate change to coastal ecosystem. The contribution of riverine inputs increase accretion and bulk density, benefit…

Nobody wants to come home to flooding or standing water in their home. Residential water damage is not only overwhelming, it can lead to costly damages if not taken care of quickly. Significant property damage, such as mold growth and major damage to wooden floors, cabinets, drywall, insulation and other structural materials and contents can occur when homes are not dried quick enough. When disaster strikes your home, you need qualified professionals to respond to water damage quickly and work…