Theodosius II

the Council of Constantinople, was required. The Council of Nicaea condemned Arius, a man who claimed that the nature of Christ was finite and lesser than Christ (Arius, 2016). The next council, that of Constantinople, condemned the heresy of Macedonius, which viewed the Holy Spirit as a power of God and inferior to the Father and Son (Simonetti, 2006, 808). Essentially, both defined the nature of Christ and the Trinity and removed heresies from the church. Unfortunately, the controversy surrounding the nature of Christ did not dissipate but instead lead into the Council of Ephesus. In fact, not only Jesus’ nature but also that of his mother’s was at the forefront of the conflict in this third council. Controversy When Emperor Theodosius II first called the council to order, it was at the request of Nestorius of Constantinople. Its purpose was to resolve a dispute between Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius about the nature of Mary and whether or not she should be declared Theotokos (Simonetti, 2006, 808). Nestorius opposed the term because “whenever the sacred scriptures speak of Our Lord’s activity, they never speak of the birth and suffering of the divinity, but of the humanity of Christ. That is why the most accurate way of speaking about the Holy Virgin is Christ-bearer, not God-bearer” (Fouad, 2010). He emphasized that Christ had independent divine and human natures going so far as to suggest “that they were two persons loosely united” (Nestorian, 2016). Cyril…

and a message they believed their messiah had intended. However, in Rome, Christianity was a state religion and still fell to the authority of the emperor, there were a few minor conflicts between clergy and state officials on matters of authority though nothing extreme, that is until the Massacre at Thessalonica. The Massacre at Thessalonica is seen by many in the clergy at the time as the flash point between these sentiments of control over their church the event started with the stoning of…

Roman Empire fell because of government corruption, political instability, overexpansion of land, and the harsh treatment of the Visigoths. The first reason Rome was doomed to fail was government corruption. Government is important because it shoes the way citizens live (GLOBE). The rights and liberties it gives it citizens can have drastic effects on the quality of life. Rome’s government contain incompetent officials. For example, in 476 C.E., a new leader named Odovacer forced the entire…

Jewish people were able to endure because they created laws taught the followers how to eat, dress and live among other things. These laws separated them from people who weren’t Jewish which kept them free to develop their religion without influence. Their view of the family structure and the ultimate belief in god kept them faithful to their religion in times of prosecution. The next religion, Christianity, has the same beginnings a Judaism because it started after many Jewish followers…

Egypt was expanded to Syria, Nubia, and farther south to the Fourth Cataract drastically improving Egyptian influence, lessening its chances of being attacked. Under Thutmose I, Egypt became the first empire to command western Asia. Not only was Egypt expanding and gaining prosperity, but it was also able to attain peace with other countries who did not dare invade. With the open of the New Kingdom and the defeat of the Hyksos, however, came a new array of enemies, one of which was the Hittites.…

Hitchcock’s Psycho, from ‘Inside Norman Bates’ and ‘The World Inside Its Image’ The benchmark of horror films could easily be Hitchcock’s most revered work ‘Psycho’ (1960). The black and white filmscape does not downplay the crimson colour of blood spiralling down the plughole after Marion’s fatal stabbing, nor the shock of Norman’s mothers sunken eye sockets. It’s 2015 and this is the first time I have properly been introduced to the film however as a testament to its making I had nightmares…

Among our most intrinsic human characteristics, we strive to express ourselves both creatively and socially. Combining these two traits creates an artistic interaction between an audience and a medium. Cinema, arguably the most visually astounding form of art, not only stimulates visually, but subjects viewers to haptic and acoustic experiences as well. The film scholar, Thomas Elsaesser, makes various points in his book “Film Theory” describing several ways in which we can experience the film…

Xenophon acquired a “taste for war and a distaste for democracy.” His hatred for Athens lead him to the next logical step: to leave Athens at all costs, even going so far as to venture outside of Greece to join Cyrus—Darius’ second son and thereby the second in line for his throne—and his army in their attempts to secure Cyrus’ kingship in Persia over his brother, the reigning king Artaxerxes II. In contrast to his decidedly negative experience amongst Athenian Greeks, Xenophon enjoyed an…

Anthony Perkins as Norman Bates in Psycho, and Glenn Close as Alex Forrest in Fatal Attraction, each played the character portrayed as mentally unstable. The two actors seamlessly fell into their parts and led the audience to believe they were truly insane. In the beginning, each of the two lived what appeared to be normal lives. Anthony Perkins managed his mother’s motel that had become a ghost-town after the new highway had been build, which completely cut off access to the motel. Glenn Close…

Tutankhamun's mask The stunning, gold funeral mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun is considered to be one of the most highly artistic, complex, and beautiful pieces of art crafted by the ancient Egyptians. Tutankhamun, or better known as “King Tut”, reigned from 1332-1323 BC. His name translates to “The living image of Aten.” He was considered to be an atrocious ruler, even at nine years old, unlike his father before him. Under his ruling, he made many changes to Egypt that were unpopular with the…