Subregion

According to the United Nations ' Food and Agriculture Organization, an estimated 16 million acres of forest are being lost each year globally to deforestation (FAO 5). Contributing factors include agricultural expansion, logging, development, and other human activities. In order to put this into perspective, the World Wildlife Fund describes this as an equivalent to forty-eight football fields of forest being lost every minute (WWF 1). This is alarming, because even though for many of us, major forest systems seem as though they are distant world away from our everyday lives, they are actually critically essential to our very survival. Forest plays many roles such as keeping massive amounts of carbon in the ground and out of our atmosphere, naturally replenishing ground water, protecting soil from erosion, and providing millions of goods used across the globe. For millions of people, their livelihoods rely both directly and indirectly on our foremost major forest systems, but it’s not just people who rely on these forests. These ecosystems also provide natural habitats to millions of different species of animals, insects, and plant life. Yet despite the importance of the world’s forests, they are continually under the threat of destruction of deforestation, solely for the sake of a turn for quick profit. While this is seen across the globe, of greatest concerns are the continents of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America due to their highest rates of…

Hominin expansion throughout most of Africa occurred with Australopithecines, Paranthropus, and early Homo habilis. Each species was advancing, and adapting to their various habitats. However, a new homo was entering the playing field, which was not only biologically modern but was capable of creating tools. This new species is known as Homo ergaster/erectus, and they were on the verge of breaking out into new territory. This group would soon leave the cradle of Africa and traverse to Asia,…

Results A total of 383 scallops were collected in this survey, with scallops present on 66 out of the 151 transects surveyed. The mean size (ANOVA, F(380, 2)=13.9, p< 0.05) and recreational area (p<0.05) (Table 2). The greatest average density per site was observed within Paterson Inlet with 0.21 scallops per m2 at site M2, in the inner inlet (Figure 2). The next highest average density per site was found at site M9 in the outer inlet with a density less than half of the greatest density…

Extinction is the model used for the inhibition of fear within a laboratory environment. It involves training organisms to fear a conditioned stimulus in a manner described above (Myers, Ressler, & Davis, 2006). While it was previously debated upon it is widely accepted that extinction is a new form of learning and thus the creation of new memories (Burgos-Robles, Vidal-Gonzalez, Santini, & Quirk, 2007). While the two memories of fear and extinction would compete with each other (Royer, & Paré,…

DeMaster, Pathman, Lee, and Ghetti (2014) found age-related differences in volumes of the hippocampal head, body, and tail, in children and young adults. They reported that better performance on an episodic memory task in adults was related to a smaller right hippocampal head and larger hippocampal body. However, in children between the ages of 8-11 years old, performance was related to a larger left hippocampal tail, suggesting that development of hippocampal subregions contributes to…

Racism Today Interracial discrimination is less institutionalized today than in the past. Like the rest of the US, racism usually exists at a more subtle level, while Black incomes and standards of living continue to remain far below those of Whites. The South Today Differences still remain between the South and the rest of the US. The South is still politically more conservative than most of the rest of the country. The region still has the only significant rural Black population. The…

Chicago says that seniors who play games have better balance and an improved gait than those that didn’t play which reduces the likelihood of falling and getting injured. A study published in Seeing and Perceiving found that seniors with cataracts who played first-person shooter games for a month were able to make out small print and recognize faces better. Researchers in China examined the impact intense video gaming had on certain brain subregions and found that action video gamers, or AVGs,…

Isoflurane and then injected with 0.2μl/side of Fast Green in order to validate coordinates of the infusion needle tip injection and to estimate the extent of spreading. Then, mice were perfused transcardially with physiological saline followed by a 4% PFA solution. The brains were removed and soaked in a 4% PFA solution for 24 hours and then stored in 30% sucrose solution for several days. Subsequently, the brains were coronally sectioned at 35 μM with a freezing microtome, and the sections…

Most of the difference in Intracranial volume (a measure of the maximum size to which the brain grows) increases as a function of height among an alcoholic men and women. Most of the difference in intracranial volume between an alcoholic women and men is explained by height. Study have found that women’s proportion of gray matter appears to be slightly, but significantly, greater than men's, among healthy nonalcoholic control group, women have proportionally more gray matter than men. The…

a) Medial prefrontal cortex: the mPFC is divided into three subregions, which have differential control over HPA axis. The prelimbic (PrL) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) provides negative feedback to HPA axis and thereby reduces the stress-induced activation of HPA axis. The PrL and ACC reduces the duration of secretion without altering the peak of secretions and thus help in response termination. The lesion of mPFC consisting prelimbic cortex have known to produced enhanced cfos expression…