Stein Rokkan

Political Cleavages Background Political cleavage and the idea of conflicts as an integral element in the creation and sustenance of political systems was first formulated by Seymour Martin Lipset and Stein Rokkan in 1967. They stress on the idea of historical conflicts as the primary reason for the manner in which political parties emerge and create their voter base. This is relatively true, as seen in the political, social, economic and religious agenda which informs party organization and doctrine and the impact of political cleavages on political participation and electoral volatility is significant. Cleavages, in the political context can be understood as political divisions which comprise three elements, “(1) a social structural element, such as class, religious denominations, status or education, (2) an element of collective identity of this social group, and (3) an organizational manifestation in the form of collective action or a durable organization of the social groups concerned.” (Bornschier 2009). The previous year (2016) has been the year of great upsets and across the world much conventional wisdom has been turned upon its head, ensuring that political and social predictions have been proven false by an…

In “The Sun Also Rises” Hemingway introduces his novel with two quotes. The first is a quote from Gertrude Stein, a painter, poet, who was at the center of the social scene of American expatriates in the 1920s Paris. She identifies that Hemingway’s is “lost generation.” This term characterizes the emotional, moral and in many cases physical emptiness of the post-WWI generation, that witnessed the bloodiest and deadliest times known to man, to this point in history. This “lost generation”…

Chronological/Timeline: Pablo Picasso (Dakota) You probably know about me I'm the famous artist Pablo Picasso however My birth name was actually Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Crispiniano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso. I was never very good at math, science or most things but I loved art. My first word was lapiz which in English translates to pencil. I ideally loved art from the time I said my first word. I was born on October 25, 1881, in the…

In the novel The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, there a various amounts of ideas in which Hemingway displays the ideas of a sprigs person not showing that they do in fact need love. One example of that person is Jake. Gertrude Stein told a specific quote to Hemingway and it said "You are all a lost generation." Also, the people in connection to the lost generation can be said to not believe in being committed to a person. The lost generation is was said to be "the post-World War I…

Art is based on influences and creative works, having the ability to visualize outside influences while manipulating them in the artist’s own imagination is truly stunning. Henri Matisse along with Pablo Picasso are few of many that could use that outside “influence” and depict it in a beautiful and subtle way. African sculptures and tribal masks caused a vast effect on both artists, and so each artist adopted the use of this non-Western art form in different ways. African art was introduced to…

notice them anymore? Haven’t you been having terrible mood swings over that? Both Gertrude Stein and Mary Cappello in their books dissolve the tediousness of both everyday-use and everyday-felt elements and objects in a very exceptional way. Personally, I believe that Stein uses very common and simple adjectives in expressing certain objects, food, and rooms. She applies and associates very familiar adjectives with nouns and objects that are not typically used together, so each poem explores…

Indeed, the demise of the relationship between Ernest Hemingway and one of his most instrumental supporters, Gertrude Stein, was parallel to the influence she had on both his life and his writing. Gertrude Stein was inarguably one of the most influential mentors in Hemingway’s life, and the ups and downs of their relationship, both literary and personal, involved many complications and conflicts. The turbulent relationship of Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway began in 1922, after an arranged…

“ If you can’t change your fate, change your attitude” -unknown. “A Day’s Wait” and “Stolen Day” are written by nobel prize winner Ernest Hemingway and Sherwood Anderson. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois 1899 and wrote a collection of novels about people who show grace under pressure. Anderson was born in Ohio 1876. Sherwood Anderson was supporter of younger writers, including Hemingway. Anderson was a tremendous part of getting Hemingway’s first novel published. The experiences…

With this book Susan Cain is celebrating the opposite to extrovert, introverts. It’s time for introverts to step up and make themselves heard, they have so much to offer. Like the example Cain made at the end of the book were she told the reader who the author of Alice in Wonderland was, an introvert. Without introverts we wouldn’t have some of the greatest things on the world. Susan Cain wants the world to know this and for the introverts to step up. She launches this movement in her book.…

a lost generation.”-Gertrude Stein(). A name one of Steins employee gave to the young man who worked for him is what American writers from the 1920s are called (writers). This group of people was named this due to them not being able to fully understand living life during and after war, feeling a disconnection from the American lifestyle, and not having a sense of direction in life. Many of them moved to Europe due to the fact that the American living and America itself was not the same for…