Route of administration

The route of drug administration can be referred to as where or how the drug is being taken. There are eight different routes for drug administration. The three most common types of routes are by inhalation, oral and by injection (subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous. In a brief summary I will discuss each route. Firstly the oral administration being the most common type, which is taken by mouth or by swallowing, is usually in the form of a pill, capsule or liquid. Oral administration is usually the safest, most convenient way to take a drug. Subcutaneous is the easiest of the three injection routes, it absorbs faster than the oral yet slower than intramuscular and intravenous. The intramuscular may be painful while injecting and it have a high risk of infection if associated by someone that is untrained. Intravenous being one of the fastest absorption rates because the resulting of the drug can be immediate. (Maisto, page 67-68, Table 4.2).…

Routes of administration for the drug omnipaque may vary depending on what exam is going to be performed. The routes include Intrathecal which is occurring within or administered into the spinal theca (C, T, L spine). The Rate of injection should be done Slowly over 1-2 min and should not to exceed 300 mg/mL or 3060 mg iodine per single myelographic procedure. Another route of administrations is intravenously which is the method of route choice used for a excretory urography, digital…

Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration. A number of phases occur once the drug enters into contact with the gastro intestinal wall, these are described using the acronym ADME, starting with the mechanisms of absorption, which is the process by which a substance enters the blood circulation. Distribution, where the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. ADME also…

ABSTRACT Solubility is the phenomenon of dissolution of solid in liquid phase to give a homogenous system.Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Poor watersolubledrugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Low aqueoussolubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. Any…

Focus Objectives 1. Develop at least two (2) complete nursing diagnoses related to medication administration. Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane related to Medication side effects as evidenced by dry mouth and difficulty swallowing. (546) Risk for Aspiration related to impaired swallowing. (67) Impaired Tissue Integrity related to Excess fluid volume as evidenced by damaged tissue surrounding the subcutaneous area. Risk for Infection related to tissue destruction. 2. Identify the six rights of…

intestinal tract with a reduced transit time. Also the bacterial flora appears to show benefit, with a reduction in a presence of yeasts and reduction in pH. Bowel putrefaction was decreased and protein digestion/absorption was improved. An early trial with human patients found oral administration of aloe gel effective in the treatment of peptic ulcers. The anti-ulcer activities of Aloe Vera has been attributed to several possible mechanisms including its healing effects, anti-inflammatory…

CHAPTER-V FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LEVODOPA FLOATING TABLETS FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LEVODOPA FLOATING TABLETS Several approaches are currently used to retain the dosage form in the stomach. The principle of the floating tablets is simple and practically approach to achieve increased gastric residence time to obtain controlled release floating tablets designed based on the gas generating principle needs a strong floating matrix former. In this regard HPMC K4M,…

The invention relates to formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride immediate release tablet having less disintegration time. HPLC method was developed and validated for determination of content of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in immediate release tablet. UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated to study drug release profile of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in immediate release tablet. Background:…

used in cases of localized hyperpigmentation of the skin as : Melasma (chloasma that accompany frequency of gonadal disturban). -Hyperpigmentation that follows burns. - Post inflammatory hyperpigmentations. - Hyperpigmenation that follows contact with essential oil ( Eau de cologne( and Ephelis ( Frackling) . -Hyperpigmentation following prolonged sun exposure.  Contra-indications: 1- Hypersensitivity to any of the product components. 2- Eczema or other skin conditions. 3- During…

Figure 2.1.3 TPGS concentration and Paclitaxel solubility are directly related. Figure created by M. Varma, 200522. TPGS has been incorporated into various drug formulations partly because of its ability to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). By inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity, the relative cytotoxicity of drugs such as doxorubicin, vinblastine, and paclitaxel was increased19. P-gp is a drug efflux pump, a.k.a. multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), located in the cell membranes of…