Pope Pius VII

“Constitutions” which more and more gave him power, especially the “Constitution of 1802” which gave him office for life. While also giving him the power to elect his successor which ultimately would eventually be someone from his bloodline. Napoleon was not a man for the better of the Revolution he was a man for himself and for his belief for a weak nation like France was with the ending of the massive Revolution that they had ongoing. One of the main instances from the book that really made me double look at the way Napoleon believed his was a king was his coronation at the “Temple of Reason”, in which he wore a glamorous robe as well as his wife Josephine. While holding a scepter in which the nobles used, he took the crown out of Pope Pius VII and placed the crown on his head. As you can see here at this moment that a new royal family was just assumed into…

MIDDLE AGES AND REFORMATION The society of the middle ages was based in a Catholic civilization, though there were tensions between the Church and the emperors. The empire had a huge influence over the Church even in the election of the pope and the bishops. However, a new movement of reform began within the Church that was concretized by Pope Gregory VII. He released a document called Dictatus Papae in which he affirmed among others that the Roman Church was founded by God alone and the Pope…

unaccompanied by any escort. She discovered a disturbing trend of mentally ill and mentally disable people being routinely imprisoned alongside actual criminals, often as not alongside violent criminals. She began keeping an extensive articulate and astonishingly unedited record of her findings which she published and used to lobby before the Massachusetts state legislature for federal reform and legislation to support and expand hospitals to house mentally ill prisoners. Her efforts not only…

was promoted to Prime Minister of Sardinia by Victor’s own doing. E.P. Noether states that “Although Victor Emmanuel did not always agree with him, he recognized that Cavour 's plan helped to strengthen the monarchy and to transform Piedmont-Sardinia into a modern state” (Noether 5). Other revolutionaries like Giuseppe Mazzini were not as successful as Victor and Cavour because they had popularity throughout the states and they both came from respected, wealthy families. However, Mazzini had…

If Michelangelo Buonarroti were to paint a picture of a Renaissance gentleman and painter, it would most likely look like himself. He grew up in a moderately wealthy family with him being an apprentice to a painter for the royal Medici family. His life was full of great artistic accomplishments, such as creating the sculpture David, the interior painting of the Sistine Chapel, and probably his most famous painting, The Last Judgement. The legacy that Michelangelo Buonarroti left behind for…

repealed by Queen Mary I, the daughter of King Henry vii. She was a devout catholic and reinstated Catholicism as England’s official state religion. Mary was very unforgiving of those who chose protestant faith and burned many at the stake, this would help build hostility between the prostatpnts and Catholics for generations to come, and affecting how Victorian politics would be shaped. In 1559 a new act of supremacy was passed by queen Elizabeth I, she also passed the act of uniformity which…

influential organizations, the Jesuits, were disbanded by the pope on rumors of heresy. The pope, Clement XIV, did not suppress the Jesuits for heresy but for more political reasons. After losing the support of Portugal, he dispersed the Order to appease the French and Spanish rulers in order to save face and keep their support. It has been argued that the pope did this as a result of a series of localized political moves rather his reason being a theological controversy. These localized…

from the first pope Peter the Apostle to the current pope Francis I. There have been popes who have wielded great amounts of power like Innocent III and those who did not wield much power like the modern day popes. There were those who were immoral like Alexander VI and those who were kind hearted with a servant attitude like John Paul II. Throughout the reigns of the 256 popes from Peter to Francis, they were seen as spiritual leaders. For most of them, they were also seen as temporal leaders.…

The fourteenth century was the last century before mayhem rang throughout the Catholic Church. In the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Church had become overrun with un-eligible bishops, priests, leaders, and weak popes. With the leaders of the Church so corrupted, many seized this opportunity to expose the workings of the Church and to challenge its doctrine. Although the pope responded to these challenges, a reformation occurred. This division of the church and people led to…

became a matter of international interest when it pit the English Nobility directly against the Catholic Church. Many people and countries saw this conflict as a way to advance themselves in the light of the conflict. I contend that that Cardinal William Allen’s self-censorship of his book “An Admonition to the Nobility and People of England” is a result of political circumstances stemming from politics surrounding Queen Elizabeth the First. Queen Elizabeth the First was the subject of political…