Hannibal, originally from Spain and against Carthage led the second Punic War against Rome. His plan to win the battle against Rome in their own territory initially seemed to be working because Rome lost 40,000 members of their army. Determined not to be defeated, the Romans organized another army and gained enough strength to win. In 202 B.C.E. during the Battle of Zama, Hannibal and his army were destroyed which allowed the Romans to further expand their empire. The Ottoman Turks originated…
the Church, Gregory’s aunt Pateria and mother Silvia are recognized as saints in the Orthodox and Catholic Church. In addition, Gregory’s great-great-grandfather was Pope Felix III. In spite of Gregory having a bother, neither his brother’s name or his fate was recorded. Following in his father’s footsteps, at the age of 33, Gregory was a subject matter expert in…
in the day kings and emperors were actually not the only rulers that consolidated their power in the high Middle Ages; popes also did, and that was through a series of measures that would make the church more independent of secular control. “Under the leadership of a series of reforming popes in the eleventh century, the church tries to end this practice” (p.267). It was the popes’ efforts that were sometimes challenged by the medieval kings and emperors, in which the wealth of the church came…
found missionaries, schools, universities and seminaries all around Europe. Saint Ignatius Loyola was significant because he and his Jesuit followers were used by the pope to help reconvert new protestants back to Catholicism in a positive non-violent manner. Saint Ignatius and the Jesuits were very successful in this act, and the pope rewarded them with…
Both historians and Catholics believe that Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory VII as some of the greatest figures in history because they thought of everything in religious terms. More importantly, using their powers, they were able to achieve their goals of saving the welfare of the Church and Christian civilization. The Middle Ages was known as a period of European history, from the 5th to the 15th century, that followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and preceded the Early Modern…
ideas (between Gregory II and Leo III). Next, the Sunni and the Shia Muslims show a great conflict between one another to succeed as ecclesiastical rulers. Theodosius’ and Gelasius’ primary texts both show specific conflicts between religion and secular powers. The Great Schism is an…
of European politics by the actions of Pope Gregory VII, who attempted to dispose of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and set an example of papal power. Rome’s political influence reached its peak under the guidance of Pope Innocent III who played Kingmaker and pitted the great armies of Europe against each other with mere declarations of faith. As often happens…
church gain more power and stop those who were abusing their powers. Reforms like the Monastic reform succeeded in giving authority back to the papacy when they lost it. The church moved fast and quick during reforms and that is what helped them succeed. I think if the church would of done things more slowly and with less force they wouldn’t have succeeded in some of their reforms. These reforms were also a cause for the crusade to begin. And we can see from the primary source about Usama the…
conflict arose between Gregory and german Emperor Henry IV, where their differing opinions on who should choose local bishops clashed in the early 11th century. Pope Gregory was an advocate for more church authority and believed that he, and future popes, should have absolute say in certain spheres of power and decision making. To cement this total authority, Gregory created his “Dictatus Papae” in 1075, which laid out his vision for the church and delegated certain powers to the pope,…
the protection of right to the land, I did right and righteousness in ..., and brought about the well-being of the oppressed.” (Early civilization, 2) Though Hammurabi was Babylonian royalty before his reign, he used his divine and religious authority to cement his rule, and to expand his…