Pope Clement XII

My choice for my second paper was the ecclesiology of Vatican II and the book you assigned me was Rediscovering Vatican II: The Church in the Making by Richard R. Gaillardetz. At the publishing of the book it had been forty years since the close of Vatican II and the publisher thought it would be a great idea to publish books that make the teachings of the sixteen documents more accessible to Catholics. This book focuses on three of the documents, you could say one major, Lumen Gentium, and two…

The Reformation was a religious revolution that was held in Western church in the 16th century. The most important leaders were Martin Luther and John Calvin. The reformation had political, economic and social effects, thus the reformation was the underlying foundation for the founding of Protestantism. Protestantism is one of the three major branches of christianity. Reformation was introduced mainly to give talks about issues that negatively affected Catholicism, along with others supporting…

control of lands and peoples. For a king or pope to be successful, not only did they need support from their people, they needed support from other people in power. Alliances allowed rulers to share resources and influence to gain more political and religious power. Papal authority during the Middle Ages was heavily influenced by their relationships with monarchies. When a pope had a strong relationship with a powerful king such as the alliance between Pope Stephen II and King Pippin III, they…

later printed, then given to the Pope (Dutton, 392). The Pope later declared Luther as an outlaw to the Catholic Church in the Edict of Worms (Dutton, 395), tarnishing Luther’s reputation. The papacy’s power and how it was being used to further boost themselves shows the corruption that Martin Luther was trying to expose and/or fix. A lot of Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses was based around indulgences that the papacy uses to gain wealth. Luther believes that the Pope is being selfish with his money…

Catholic Church has impacted our society in many different aspects. Throughout the era of Western Civilization until 2016, education, politics and art have remained imperative. Without the knowledge and creativeness of our prehistoric Roman Emperors, and Popes the Catholic Church would cease to exist today. The Roman Catholic Church is a contribution to the study of Science. For instance; Father Giambattista was the first person to document the rate of a freely falling body. Jesuits (is a…

resistance to this practice of selling indulgences started when Johann Tetzel was sent to Germany by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences as a way to raise money so that St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome could be rebuilt. One year later, Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses. His 95 theses was a direct objection to the Catholic church’s practice of indulgences. What Luther disagreed with is that he believed the Pope did not have the right to grant forgiveness of sins. After his copy of the 95 theses was…

Together, this paints a picture of the contemporary religious setting. Shakespeare’s piece is predominantly Reformation, as it mainly ignores Catholic ideals and goes against them. This is no surprise, though, as plays were looked down upon by the Catholic church. According to Jensen, “To play and to put on plays were equally idolatrous” (Jensen 283). She continues, “Plays, even if they did not originate in the Catholic liturgical year, were still labeled by these writers as idolatrous—partly…

minds to have the separation of the church and the state. We would not have the right to worship our Father how we would want to choose. Selling indulgences and no liberties and the world maybe would even be ruled by the Pope and other Monarchs (even though there is still a Pope, he doesn’t have complete power). There were also many small short-term impacts that made a huge long-term change in the future of how the believers worship and practice today. Luther’s bold thoughts eventually…

In cultures all over the world, religion has become so important that is has become intertwined with many societies and has served as the guiding point in many people’s lives. Christianity is the most practiced and by far the most popular religion in the world. We see it everywhere spanning from north America all the way to northeast Asia. Christianity was founded roughly about 2000 years ago and has since then endured many drastic changes (allaboutreligion.org). Europe has been the region where…

In the Middle Ages, there was a man named Thomas A’ Becket, who rose to great power under the rule of his friend King Henry II. Henry appointed Thomas in order to gain the upper hand in disputes with the Pope and Catholic Church. Thomas would go against Henry which infuriated him. Henry accidentally ordered for Thomas to be killed, leading to the corruption of the Catholic Church and Thomas becoming a martyr. In The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, a group of people embark on a pilgrimage…